Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 2;16(6):e0252462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252462. eCollection 2021.
The pathophysiology of xerosis depends on extrinsic and intrinsic exposures. Residential hard water may constitute such an exposure.
To estimate the prevalence of xerosis and to compare water hardness exposure in blood donors with and without xerosis.
In this retrospective cohort study in 2018-2019, blood donors with self-reported moderately or severely dry skin were compared to blood donors without dry skin. Blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis were excluded. Water hardness data was collected from the Geology Survey of Denmark and Greenland.
Overall, 4,748 of 30,721 (15.5%; 95% confidence interval 15.1-15.9%) blood donors had xerosis. After excluding blood donors with ichthyosis, lichen planus and psoriasis, 4,416 blood donors (2,559 females; median age 38.4 years [interquartile range 28.0-49.8]; 700 smokers) remained in this study. Water softer than 12-24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with decreased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.94) and water harder than 12-24 degrees Deutsche härte was associated with increased probability of xerosis (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.45). The association between water hardness and xerosis remained significant after excluding blood donors with dermatitis.
Water hardness is associated with xerosis independent of other dermatoses.
干燥症的病理生理学取决于外在和内在暴露。居住硬水可能构成这种暴露。
估计干燥症的患病率，并比较有干燥症和无干燥症的献血者的水硬度暴露情况。
在 2018-2019 年的这项回顾性队列研究中，将自我报告有中度或重度皮肤干燥的献血者与无皮肤干燥的献血者进行比较。排除有鱼鳞病、扁平苔藓和银屑病的献血者。水硬度数据来自丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局。
总体而言，30721 名献血者中有 4748 名（15.5%；95%置信区间 15.1-15.9%）有干燥症。排除鱼鳞病、扁平苔藓和银屑病的献血者后，本研究仍有 4416 名献血者（2559 名女性；中位年龄 38.4 岁[四分位间距 28.0-49.8]；700 名吸烟者）。硬度低于 12-24 度德国硬度的水与干燥症的可能性降低相关（优势比 0.83；95%置信区间 0.74-0.94），硬度高于 12-24 度德国硬度的水与干燥症的可能性增加相关（优势比 1.22；95%置信区间 1.03-1.45）。在排除有皮炎的献血者后，水硬度与干燥症之间的关联仍然显著。
水硬度与其他皮肤病无关，与干燥症有关。
