Judge Lawrence W, Bellar David M, Craig Bruce W, Gilreath Erin L, Cappos Scott A, Thrasher Ashley B
1School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana; 2School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana-Lafayette, Lafeyette, Louisiana; 3Department of Athletics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana; 4University of Nebraska Track and Field, Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Lincoln, Nebraska; and 5Department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonsboro, Arkansas.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Feb;30(2):438-45. doi: 10.1097/JSC.0000000000000202.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the acute effects of heavy and light implements on subsequent overhead back (OHB) shot put performance with a competition weight shot put. This investigation was designed to test the efficacy of heavy implements for potentiating subsequent OHB performance. Participants included 41 athletes (20.9 ± 1.18 years.) from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I schools in the Midwestern United States (n = 23 male and n = 18 female). Mean distance for OHB throw with a competition shot put was examined after treatment (control, light shot put warm-up, and heavy shot put warm-up) through repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni-corrected post hoc analysis. Responses after treatment on the 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) fatigue were examined through repeated-measures ANOVA and demonstrated a significant main effect for treatment on VAS fatigue (F = 16.463; p = 0.001). The heavy shot put warm-up resulted in the greatest mean performance over the course of the 3 attempts (14.39 ± 1.82 m) followed by the light shot put warm-up (14.18 ± 1.68 m) and the control (14.15 ± 1.70 m). Results of the repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant main effect for treatment in regard to average distance (F = 6.276; p = 0.003). Post hoc testing suggested that the heavy shot put warm-up resulted in significantly better mean OHB performance than either the light shot put warm-up (t = 2.983; p = 0.0048; ES = 0.472; power = 0.901) or the control shot put warm-up (t = 3.349; p = 0.0018; effect size [ES] = 0.513; power = 0.939). Subsequent analysis examined the relationship between reported fatigue accrued during the overweight shot put warm-up and the change in performance on the OHB throw when compared to the control condition. Analysis revealed that subjects who reported higher levels of VAS fatigue did not perform as well after the overweight treatment (p = 0.0274).
本研究的目的是确定使用重器械和轻器械进行热身对随后使用标准比赛重量铅球进行过头背推（OHB）投掷成绩的急性影响。本研究旨在测试重器械对提高后续OHB成绩的有效性。参与者包括来自美国中西部2所美国国家大学体育协会一级学校的41名运动员（20.9±1.18岁）（n = 23名男性和n = 18名女性）。通过重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）及事后Bonferroni校正分析，在治疗后（对照组、轻铅球热身组和重铅球热身组）检查使用标准比赛铅球进行OHB投掷的平均距离。通过重复测量方差分析检查治疗后10厘米视觉模拟量表（VAS）疲劳的反应，并显示治疗对VAS疲劳有显著的主效应（F = 16.463；p = 0.001）。在3次尝试过程中，重铅球热身组的平均成绩最高（14.39±1.82米），其次是轻铅球热身组（14.18±1.68米）和对照组（14.15±1.70米）。重复测量方差分析的结果显示，治疗对平均距离有显著的主效应（F = 6.276；p = 0.003）。事后检验表明，重铅球热身组的平均OHB成绩显著优于轻铅球热身组（t = 2.983；p = 0.0048；效应量[ES] = 0.472；检验效能 = 0.901）或标准比赛铅球热身组（t = 3.349；p = 0.0018；效应量[ES] = 0.513；检验效能 = 0.939）。后续分析研究了超重铅球热身期间报告的疲劳与与对照条件相比OHB投掷成绩变化之间的关系。分析显示，报告VAS疲劳水平较高的受试者在超重治疗后的表现不如对照组（p = 0.0274）。
