Suchomel Timothy J, Nimphius Sophia, Stone Michael H
Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, 18301, USA.
Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
Sports Med. 2016 Oct;46(10):1419-49. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0.
This review discusses previous literature that has examined the influence of muscular strength on various factors associated with athletic performance and the benefits of achieving greater muscular strength. Greater muscular strength is strongly associated with improved force-time characteristics that contribute to an athlete's overall performance. Much research supports the notion that greater muscular strength can enhance the ability to perform general sport skills such as jumping, sprinting, and change of direction tasks. Further research indicates that stronger athletes produce superior performances during sport specific tasks. Greater muscular strength allows an individual to potentiate earlier and to a greater extent, but also decreases the risk of injury. Sport scientists and practitioners may monitor an individual's strength characteristics using isometric, dynamic, and reactive strength tests and variables. Relative strength may be classified into strength deficit, strength association, or strength reserve phases. The phase an individual falls into may directly affect their level of performance or training emphasis. Based on the extant literature, it appears that there may be no substitute for greater muscular strength when it comes to improving an individual's performance across a wide range of both general and sport specific skills while simultaneously reducing their risk of injury when performing these skills. Therefore, sport scientists and practitioners should implement long-term training strategies that promote the greatest muscular strength within the required context of each sport/event. Future research should examine how force-time characteristics, general and specific sport skills, potentiation ability, and injury rates change as individuals transition from certain standards or the suggested phases of strength to another.
本综述讨论了以往的文献，这些文献研究了肌肉力量对与运动表现相关的各种因素的影响以及获得更大肌肉力量的益处。更大的肌肉力量与改善力-时特性密切相关，这有助于运动员的整体表现。许多研究支持这样一种观点，即更大的肌肉力量可以提高执行一般运动技能（如跳跃、短跑和变向任务）的能力。进一步的研究表明，更强壮的运动员在特定运动任务中表现更出色。更大的肌肉力量使个体能够更早、更大程度地增强力量，同时也降低了受伤风险。运动科学家和从业者可以使用等长、动态和反应性力量测试及变量来监测个体的力量特征。相对力量可分为力量不足、力量关联或力量储备阶段。个体所处的阶段可能直接影响其表现水平或训练重点。根据现有文献，在提高个体在广泛的一般和特定运动技能方面的表现，同时降低其执行这些技能时的受伤风险方面，似乎没有什么能替代更大的肌肉力量。因此，运动科学家和从业者应实施长期训练策略，在每项运动/赛事的要求范围内促进最大肌肉力量的发展。未来的研究应考察随着个体从特定标准或建议的力量阶段过渡到另一个阶段，力-时特性、一般和特定运动技能、增强力量的能力以及受伤率是如何变化的。
