Assad Nour A, Kapoor Vidit, Sood Akshay
aDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USAbArmed Forces Medical College, Near Base Hospital, Brar Square, New Delhi, India.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2016 Mar;22(2):150-7. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000246.
Approximately 3 billion people worldwide rely on coal and biomass fuel for cooking and heating. Biomass smoke exposure is associated with several chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma-COPD overlap syndrome, usual interstitial pneumonitis, hut lung, and bronchial anthracofibrosis. Household air pollution primarily from biomass smoke is the biggest risk factor for COPD worldwide. Despite the significant burden of biomass smoke-related respiratory disease, the exposure is still underappreciated worldwide, especially in high-income countries.
Recent literature highlights the immunoinflammatory differences between biomass smoke-related COPD and tobacco smoke-related COPD that may lead to better understanding of the differences in the clinical phenotypes between the two entities, suggests an association with the recently recognized asthma-COPD overlap syndrome, and elucidates the burden of disease in high-income countries.
The current review focuses on the association between biomass smoke and common chronic respiratory diseases, discuss differences between biomass smoke-related COPD and tobacco smoke-related COPD, highlights chronic respiratory diseases that are specific for biomass smoke exposure such as hut lung and bronchial anthracofibrosis, and discusses the known impact of beneficial interventions.
全球约有30亿人依靠煤炭和生物质燃料做饭和取暖。接触生物质烟雾与多种慢性肺部疾病相关，包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘-COPD重叠综合征、普通型间质性肺炎、茅屋肺和支气管炭末纤维化。家庭空气污染主要源于生物质烟雾，是全球COPD的最大危险因素。尽管生物质烟雾相关呼吸道疾病负担沉重，但在全球范围内，尤其是在高收入国家，这种暴露仍未得到充分认识。
最近的文献强调了生物质烟雾相关COPD与烟草烟雾相关COPD之间的免疫炎症差异，这可能有助于更好地理解这两种疾病临床表型的差异，提示与最近认识到的哮喘-COPD重叠综合征有关，并阐明了高收入国家的疾病负担。
本综述重点关注生物质烟雾与常见慢性呼吸道疾病之间的关联，讨论生物质烟雾相关COPD与烟草烟雾相关COPD之间的差异，强调特定于生物质烟雾暴露的慢性呼吸道疾病，如茅屋肺和支气管炭末纤维化，并讨论有益干预措施的已知影响。
