Singh Bhagirath, Qin Nan, Reid Gregor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2015;14(2):84-93. doi: 10.2174/1871528114666160128150747.
Extensive analysis of the complexity and diversity of microbiota using metagenomics in the gut and other body sites has provided evidence that dysbiosis occurs in many disease states. With the application of next generation sequencing technology this research is starting to uncover the impact of microbiota on metabolic, physiological and immunological pathways and elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. To highlight these advances we have focused on autoimmunity and gut and liver related diseases and discuss the opportunities and challenges of translating microbiome research towards its application in humans. Towards this goal we discuss the application of fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of multiple chronic gut associated inflammatory diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The potential role of human migration across continents and cultures leading to alteration in their microbiome and its implication in health and disease is also discussed.
利用宏基因组学对肠道及其他身体部位微生物群的复杂性和多样性进行的广泛分析表明，在许多疾病状态下都会发生生态失调。随着下一代测序技术的应用，这项研究开始揭示微生物群对代谢、生理和免疫途径的影响，并阐明其中涉及的细胞和分子机制。为了突出这些进展，我们重点关注自身免疫以及肠道和肝脏相关疾病，并讨论将微生物组研究转化应用于人类的机遇和挑战。为实现这一目标，我们讨论了粪便微生物群移植（FMT）在治疗多种慢性肠道相关炎症性疾病（如艰难梭菌感染（CDI）和炎症性肠病（IBD））中的应用。还讨论了人类跨大陆和跨文化迁移导致其微生物组改变及其对健康和疾病影响的潜在作用。
