Antunes B M M, Cayres S U, Lira F S, Fernandes R A
Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2016;12(1):47-51. doi: 10.2174/1573403x12666160126115317.
Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are associated with lifestyle modifications, particularly the increase of physical inactivity and poor eating habits, which contribute to one of the main causes of death in modern times. Cardiovascular diseases are positively correlated with several illnesses, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and these disorders are known to contribute to changes in immune cells, cytokines and metabolism. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid plaques and fibrous tissue (atheroma) in the artery walls and this process is related to the oxidation of LDL-c (low density lipoprotein) and the formation of a particle, termed LDLox, which can generate toxic injury to the vessel wall. In this atherogenic process there is an inflammatory response generated by the injury in the vascular endothelium, which in itself is able to express and secrete a variety of molecules, such as myeloid colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), that act as activators of the immune system. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the immuno-metabolic alterations involving the thickening and stiffness of arteries observed in atherosclerosis, and how chronic exercise can act as an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic approach.
代谢改变与心血管疾病，如动脉粥样硬化，与生活方式的改变有关，特别是身体活动减少和不良饮食习惯，这些是导致现代主要死因之一的因素。心血管疾病与多种疾病呈正相关，如肥胖、高血压和血脂异常，并且已知这些病症会导致免疫细胞、细胞因子和代谢的变化。动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是在动脉壁上形成脂质斑块和纤维组织（动脉粥样瘤），这个过程与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）的氧化以及一种称为LDLox的颗粒形成有关，该颗粒可对血管壁产生毒性损伤。在这个致动脉粥样硬化过程中，血管内皮损伤会引发炎症反应，血管内皮本身能够表达和分泌多种分子，如髓系集落刺激因子（M-CSF）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α），这些分子作为免疫系统的激活剂。因此，本综述的主要目的是强调动脉粥样硬化中观察到的涉及动脉增厚和僵硬的免疫代谢改变，以及慢性运动如何作为一种抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化的方法。
