Papathakis Peggy C, Singh Lauren N, Manary Mark J
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2016 Nov 5;435:40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.024. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
Maternal malnutrition is common in the developing world and has detrimental effects on both the mother and infant. Pre-pregnancy nutritional status and weight gain during pregnancy are positively related to fetal growth and development. Internationally, there is no agreement on the method of diagnosis or treatment of moderate or severe malnutrition during pregnancy. Establishing clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment will be essential in elevating the problem. Possible anthropometric measurements used to detect and monitor maternal malnutrition include pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain, and mid upper arm circumference. Food supplements have the potential to increase gestational weight gain and energy intake which are positively associated with fetal growth and development. Overall more studies are needed to conclude the impact of food/nutrient supplements on infant growth in undernourished pregnant women in developing countries. Currently, a study underway may provide much needed documentation of the benefits of treating malnutrition in pregnancy.
孕产妇营养不良在发展中国家很常见，对母亲和婴儿都有不利影响。孕前营养状况和孕期体重增加与胎儿生长发育呈正相关。在国际上，对于孕期中度或重度营养不良的诊断或治疗方法尚无共识。制定明确的诊断和治疗指南对于解决这一问题至关重要。用于检测和监测孕产妇营养不良的可能的人体测量指标包括孕前体重指数、体重增加和上臂中部周长。食物补充剂有可能增加孕期体重增加和能量摄入，而这与胎儿生长发育呈正相关。总体而言，需要更多研究来确定食物/营养补充剂对发展中国家营养不良孕妇婴儿生长的影响。目前，一项正在进行的研究可能会提供治疗孕期营养不良益处的急需文献。
