Rosmarin P C
Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38103.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1989 Nov-Dec;32(3):239-45. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(89)90028-5.
Since the early 1900s, coffee has been implicated as having adverse effects on human health. Recent attention has focused on coffee's relation to CHD, but because of conflicting results of epidemiologic studies on coffee and CHD mortality, attention has turned to the effects of coffee and caffeine on individual CHD risk factors. Coffee's effect on serum lipids does not appear to be due to caffeine. If in fact an adverse effect on lipids exists, it may be related to other factors including biochemical constituents other than caffeine, hardness of the water used in preparation, and the method of preparation, filtered coffee having no effect. The data are fairly convincing that chronic coffee ingestion does not induce hypertension, although acute consumption produces a small, short-lived increase in BP. The least well understood effect of coffee is its potential to induce cardiac arrhythmias, including potentially lethal ventricular ectopy in certain individuals. More work is needed in this area of arrhythmias before any concrete recommendations can be made. Until more convincing evidence against coffee is compiled, it appears that, at least in moderate amounts in otherwise healthy persons, coffee is a safe beverage.
自20世纪初以来，咖啡就被认为对人体健康有不良影响。最近的关注焦点集中在咖啡与冠心病的关系上，但由于关于咖啡与冠心病死亡率的流行病学研究结果相互矛盾，注意力已转向咖啡和咖啡因对个体冠心病危险因素的影响。咖啡对血脂的影响似乎并非由咖啡因引起。如果事实上对血脂存在不良影响，可能与其他因素有关，包括除咖啡因外的生化成分、冲泡所用的水的硬度以及冲泡方法，过滤咖啡则没有影响。有相当有说服力的数据表明，长期饮用咖啡不会诱发高血压，尽管急性饮用会使血压出现小幅、短暂的升高。人们对咖啡最不了解的影响是其诱发心律失常的可能性，包括在某些个体中可能致命的室性早搏。在能够提出任何具体建议之前，在心律失常这一领域还需要开展更多研究。在收集到更多反对咖啡的令人信服的证据之前，至少对于其他方面健康的人来说，适量饮用咖啡似乎是一种安全的饮品。
