Baxter S, Johnson M, Payne N, Buckley-Woods H, Blank L, Hock E, Daley A, Taylor A, Pavey T, Mountain G, Goyder E
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S14DA, UK.
Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016 Feb 1;13:12. doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0336-3.
It has been argued that transition points in life, such as the approach towards, and early years of retirement present key opportunities for interventions to improve the health of the population. Research has also highlighted inequalities in health status in the retired population and in response to interventions which should be addressed. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to synthesise international evidence on the types and effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity among people around the time of retirement. A systematic review of literature was carried out between February 2014 and April 2015. Searches were not limited by language or location, but were restricted by date to studies published from 1990 onwards. Methods for identification of relevant studies included electronic database searching, reference list checking, and citation searching. Systematic search of the literature identified 104 papers which described study populations as being older adults. However, we found only one paper which specifically referred to their participants as being around the time of retirement. The intervention approaches for older adults encompassed: training of health care professionals; counselling and advice giving; group sessions; individual training sessions; in-home exercise programmes; in-home computer-delivered programmes; in-home telephone support; in-home diet and exercise programmes; and community-wide initiatives. The majority of papers reported some intervention effect, with evidence of positive outcomes for all types of programmes. A wide range of different measures were used to evaluate effectiveness, many were self-reported and few studies included evaluation of sedentary time. While the retirement transition is considered a significant point of life change, little research has been conducted to assess whether physical activity interventions at this time may be effective in promoting or maintaining activity, or reducing health inequalities. We were unable to find any evidence that the transition to retirement period was, or was not a significant point for intervention. Studies in older adults more generally indicated that a range of interventions might be effective for people around retirement age.
有人认为，人生中的过渡阶段，比如临近退休和退休初期，是采取干预措施以改善民众健康的关键时机。研究还强调了退休人群健康状况的不平等以及应对这些不平等所需的干预措施。我们旨在进行一项系统综述，以综合国际上关于退休前后人群增加身体活动干预措施的类型和效果的证据。2014年2月至2015年4月期间对文献进行了系统综述。检索不受语言或地理位置限制，但限于1990年以后发表的研究。识别相关研究的方法包括电子数据库检索、参考文献列表检查和引文检索。对文献的系统检索确定了104篇将研究人群描述为老年人的论文。然而，我们只发现一篇论文特别提到其参与者处于退休前后。针对老年人的干预方法包括：对医疗保健专业人员的培训；咨询和建议；小组课程；个人培训课程；家庭锻炼计划；家庭计算机提供的计划；家庭电话支持；家庭饮食和锻炼计划；以及社区范围内的倡议。大多数论文报告了一些干预效果，所有类型的计划都有积极结果的证据。使用了广泛的不同措施来评估效果，许多是自我报告的，很少有研究包括对久坐时间的评估。虽然退休过渡被认为是生活变化的一个重要阶段，但很少有研究评估此时的身体活动干预措施是否能有效促进或维持活动，或减少健康不平等。我们找不到任何证据表明退休过渡阶段是否是干预的重要阶段。更普遍地说，针对老年人的研究表明，一系列干预措施可能对退休年龄左右的人有效。
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