Yako Yandiswa Y, Guewo-Fokeng Magellan, Balti Eric V, Bouatia-Naji Nabila, Matsha Tandi E, Sobngwi Eugene, Erasmus Rajiv T, Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B, Kengne Andre P
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Apr;114:136-50. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing faster in Africa than anywhere else, driven by the dual effects of genetic and environmental factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of published studies on genetic markers of T2D in populations within Africa.
Multiple databases were searched for studies of genetic variants associated with T2D in populations living in Africa. Studies reporting on the association of a genetic marker with T2D or indicators of glycaemia were included. Data were extracted on study design and characteristics, genetic determinants, effect estimates of associations with T2D.
Overall, 100 polymorphisms in 57 genes have been investigated in relation with T2D in populations within Africa, in 60 studies. Almost all studies used the candidate gene approach, with >88% published during 2006-2014 and 70% (42/60) originating from Tunisia and Egypt. Polymorphisms in ACE, AGRP, eNOS, GSTP1, HSP70-2, MC4R, MTHFR, PHLPP, POL1, TCF7L2, and TNF-α gene were found to be associated with T2D, with overlapping effect on various cardiometabolic traits. The polymorphisms investigated in multiple studies mostly had consistent effects across studies, with only modest or no statistical heterogeneity. Effect sizes were modestly significant [e.g., odd ratio 1.49 (95%CI 1.33-1.66) for TCF7L2 (rs7903146)]. Underpowered genome-wide studies revealed no diabetes risk loci specific to African populations.
Current evidence on the genetic markers of T2D in African populations mostly originate from North African countries, is overall scanty and largely insufficient to reliably inform the genetic architecture of T2D across Africa.
在遗传和环境因素的双重作用下，2型糖尿病（T2D）在非洲的增长速度比其他任何地方都快。我们对已发表的关于非洲人群中T2D遗传标记的研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。
在多个数据库中搜索关于生活在非洲人群中与T2D相关的遗传变异的研究。纳入报告遗传标记与T2D或血糖指标关联的研究。提取有关研究设计和特征、遗传决定因素、与T2D关联的效应估计的数据。
总体而言，在60项研究中，对非洲人群中与T2D相关的57个基因中的100个多态性进行了研究。几乎所有研究都采用候选基因方法，其中88%以上发表于2006年至2014年，70%（42/60）来自突尼斯和埃及。发现ACE、AGRP、eNOS、GSTP1、HSP70-2、MC4R、MTHFR、PHLPP、POL1、TCF7L2和TNF-α基因的多态性与T2D相关，对各种心血管代谢性状有重叠效应。在多项研究中调查的多态性在各研究中大多具有一致的效应，仅有适度或无统计学异质性。效应大小具有适度显著性[例如，TCF7L2（rs7903146）的比值比为1.49（95%CI 1.33-1.66）]。样本量不足的全基因组研究未发现非洲人群特有的糖尿病风险位点。
目前关于非洲人群中T2D遗传标记的证据大多来自北非国家，总体较少，在很大程度上不足以可靠地阐明整个非洲T2D的遗传结构。
