Janakiram Naveena B, Mohammed Altaf, Madka Venkateshwar, Kumar Gaurav, Rao Chinthalapally V
Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jun;60(6):1275-94. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500884. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Epidemiological and laboratory data support the protective effects of bioactive nutrients in our diets for various diseases. Along with various factors, such as genetic history, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and dietary choices play a vital role in affecting an individual's immune responses toward a transforming cell, by either preventing or accelerating a neoplastic transformation. Ample evidence suggests that dietary nutrients control the inflammatory and protumorigenic responses in immune cells. Immunoprevention is usually associated with the modulation of immune responses that help in resolving the inflammation, thus improving clinical outcome. Various metabolic pathway-related nutrients, including glutamine, arginine, vitamins, minerals, and long-chain fatty acids, are important components of immunonutrient mixes. Epidemiological studies related to these substances have reported different results, with no or minimal effects. However, several studies suggest that these nutrients may have immune-modulating effects that may lower cancer risk. Preclinical studies submit that most of these components may provide beneficial effects. The present review discusses the available data, the immune-modulating functions of these nutrients, and how these substances could be used to study immune modulation in a neoplastic environment. Further research will help to determine whether the mechanistic signaling pathways in immune cells altered by nutrients can be exploited for cancer prevention and treatment.
流行病学和实验室数据支持我们饮食中的生物活性营养素对各种疾病具有保护作用。与遗传史、酒精、吸烟、运动等各种因素一起，饮食选择在影响个体对转化细胞的免疫反应方面起着至关重要的作用，无论是通过预防还是加速肿瘤转化。大量证据表明，膳食营养素可控制免疫细胞中的炎症和促肿瘤反应。免疫预防通常与免疫反应的调节相关，这有助于消除炎症，从而改善临床结果。各种与代谢途径相关的营养素，包括谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、维生素、矿物质和长链脂肪酸，都是免疫营养混合物的重要组成部分。与这些物质相关的流行病学研究报告了不同的结果，没有影响或影响极小。然而，一些研究表明，这些营养素可能具有免疫调节作用，可能会降低癌症风险。临床前研究表明，这些成分中的大多数可能会产生有益效果。本综述讨论了现有数据、这些营养素的免疫调节功能，以及这些物质如何用于研究肿瘤环境中的免疫调节。进一步的研究将有助于确定营养素改变免疫细胞中的机制信号通路是否可用于癌症预防和治疗。
