Przekwas Andrzej, Somayaji Mahadevabharath R, Gupta Raj K
Computational Medicine and Biology Division, CFD Research Corporation , Huntsville, AL , USA.
Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrick, MD , USA.
Front Neurol. 2016 Jan 21;7:2. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00002. eCollection 2016.
Blast wave-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries to military personnel. Brain tissue compression/tension due to blast-induced cranial deformations and shear waves due to head rotation may generate diffuse micro-damage to neuro-axonal structures and trigger a cascade of neurobiological events culminating in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. Although diffuse axonal injury is regarded as a signature wound of mild TBI (mTBI), blast loads may also cause synaptic injury wherein neuronal synapses are stretched and sheared. This synaptic injury may result in temporary disconnect of the neural circuitry and transient loss in neuronal communication. We hypothesize that mTBI symptoms such as loss of consciousness or dizziness, which start immediately after the insult, could be attributed to synaptic injury. Although empirical evidence is beginning to emerge; the detailed mechanisms underlying synaptic injury are still elusive. Coordinated in vitro-in vivo experiments and mathematical modeling studies can shed light into the synaptic injury mechanisms and their role in the potentiation of mTBI symptoms.
爆炸波引起的创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是军事人员最常见的损伤之一。爆炸引起的颅骨变形导致的脑组织压缩/拉伸以及头部旋转产生的剪切波，可能会对神经轴突结构造成弥漫性微损伤，并引发一系列神经生物学事件，最终导致认知和神经退行性疾病。尽管弥漫性轴索损伤被认为是轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）的标志性创伤，但爆炸载荷也可能导致突触损伤，即神经元突触被拉伸和剪切。这种突触损伤可能导致神经回路暂时断开以及神经元通讯暂时丧失。我们假设，mTBI症状，如受伤后立即出现的意识丧失或头晕，可能归因于突触损伤。尽管已有实证证据开始出现，但突触损伤的详细机制仍不清楚。体外-体内协同实验和数学建模研究可以阐明突触损伤机制及其在mTBI症状加重中的作用。
