Qi Tianyu F, Renaud Justin B, McDowell Tim, Seifert Keith A, Yeung Ken K-C, Sumarah Mark W
London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Feb 24;64(7):1583-9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05584. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Several Aspergillus species produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and/or fumonisins on wine and table grapes. The relevant species and their mycotoxins have been investigated in a number of wine-producing regions around the world; however, similar data have not been reported for Canadian vineyards. A multiyear survey of black Aspergilli in Niagara, ON, vineyards was conducted to determine the diversity of species present and to assess the risk of OTA and fumonisin contamination of wine grapes from this region. From 2012 to 2014, 253 black Aspergilli were isolated from soil samples and the fruits of 10 varieties of grapes. The isolates were identified by DNA sequencing: Aspergillus welwitschiae (43%), Aspergillus uvarum (32%), Aspergillus brasiliensis (11%), Aspergillus tubingensis (9%), and Aspergillus niger (4%). Aspergillus carbonarius, the primary OTA producer on grapes in other parts of the world, was isolated only once, and this is the first report for it in Canada. All 10 A. niger strains produced fumonisins, but, in contrast, only 26% of the 109 A. welwitschiae isolates were producers, and no strains of either species produced OTA. Grape samples were analyzed for OTA and fumonisins from sites where strains with mycotoxigenic potential were isolated. Fumonisin B2 (FB2) was detected in 7 of 22 (32%) of these grape samples in the 1-15 ppb range, but no OTA was detected. Additionally, the recently reported nonaminated fumonisins were detected in 3 of 22 grape samples. These results suggest that fumonisin-producing Aspergilli can occur in Ontario vineyards but, at present, the risk of contamination of grapes appears low. The risk of OTA contamination in Niagara wine is also low because of the low prevalence of A. carbonarius.
几种曲霉属真菌可在酿酒葡萄和鲜食葡萄上产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和/或伏马毒素。世界各地许多葡萄酒产区都对相关真菌种类及其产生的霉菌毒素进行了研究；然而，加拿大葡萄园尚未有类似数据报道。我们对安大略省尼亚加拉地区葡萄园中的黑曲霉进行了多年调查，以确定存在的真菌种类多样性，并评估该地区酿酒葡萄受OTA和伏马毒素污染的风险。2012年至2014年期间，从土壤样本和10个葡萄品种的果实中分离出253株黑曲霉。通过DNA测序对分离菌株进行鉴定：分别为魏氏曲霉（43%）、葡萄曲霉（32%）、巴西曲霉（11%）、管囊曲霉（9%）和黑曲霉（4%）。在世界其他地区葡萄上主要产生OTA的黑曲霉，在本次调查中仅分离到1次，这是其在加拿大的首次报道。所有10株黑曲霉菌株均产生伏马毒素，但相比之下，109株魏氏曲霉菌株中只有26%产生伏马毒素，且这两个菌种的菌株均未产生OTA。对分离出具有产毒潜力菌株的葡萄园地点的葡萄样本进行了OTA和伏马毒素分析。在22个葡萄样本中的7个（32%）检测到伏马毒素B2（FB2），含量在1 - 15 ppb范围内，但未检测到OTA。此外，在22个葡萄样本中的3个检测到了最近报道的非氨基化伏马毒素。这些结果表明，产伏马毒素的曲霉可在安大略省的葡萄园出现，但目前葡萄受污染的风险似乎较低。由于黑曲霉的低发生率，尼亚加拉葡萄酒受OTA污染的风险也较低。
