Mahdavifar Neda, Ghoncheh Mahshid, Pakzad Reza, Momenimovahed Zohre, Salehiniya Hamid
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(1):381-6. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.381.
Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world.
Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population.
The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.
膀胱癌是一个国际公共卫生问题。它是全球第九大常见癌症，也是癌症死亡的第十四大主要原因。鉴于人口老龄化，这种癌症的发病率正在上升。了解该疾病的发病率和死亡率及其与经济发展水平的关系对于更好地规划至关重要。本研究的目的是调查全球膀胱癌的发病率和死亡率及其与人类发展指数（HDI）的关系。
数据来自GLOBOCAN 2012年公布的发病率和死亡率。人类发展指数及其组成部分的数据从全球银行网站提取。按地区报告病例数、标准化发病率和死亡率，并绘制全球疾病分布图。数据分析时，使用相关系数和SPSS软件测量发病率、死亡率与人类发展指数及其组成部分之间的关系。显著性水平设定为0.05。
2012年，全球共发生429,793例膀胱癌病例和165,084例膀胱癌死亡病例。年龄标准化发病率最高的五个国家分别是比利时，每10万人中有17.5例；黎巴嫩，16.6/10万；马耳他，15.8/10万；土耳其，15.2/10万；丹麦，14.4/10万。年龄标准化死亡率最高的五个国家分别是土耳其，每10万人中有6.6例；埃及，6.5/10万；伊拉克，6.3/10万；黎巴嫩，6.3/10万；马里，5.2/10万。标准化发病率与人类发展指数之间存在正线性关系（r = 0.653，P < 0.001），即标准化发病率与出生时预期寿命、平均受教育年限和人均收入水平之间存在正相关。标准化死亡率与人类发展指数之间也存在正线性关系（r = 0.308，P < 0.001）。标准化死亡率与出生时预期寿命、平均受教育年限和人均收入水平之间存在正相关。
发达国家和非洲部分地区的膀胱癌发病率较高，而北非和中东国家的死亡率最高。发展中国家开展更好的治疗方案以降低癌症死亡率以及对病因进行更详细的研究至关重要。
