Prehn Kristin, Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg Reiner, Mai Knut, Zeitz Ulrike, Witte A Veronica, Hampel Dierk, Szela Anna-Maria, Fabian Sonja, Grittner Ulrike, Spranger Joachim, Flöel Agnes
Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Cereb Cortex. 2017 Mar 1;27(3):1765-1778. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw008.
Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) have been suggested as a means to improve memory and prevent age-related decline. However, it is unclear whether those effects remain stable over time or are related specifically to negative energy balance during the weight loss phase of CR. Using a randomized interventional design, we investigated changes in recognition memory and neural correlates in postmenopausal obese women (n = 19): 1) after intense weight loss in the course of a 12-week low-caloric diet (reduced body weight and negative energy balance) and 2) after having sustained the reduced weight over 4 more weeks (reduced body weight, but energy balance equilibrium). Participants were contrasted to a control group (n = 18) instructed not to change dietary habits. In the CR group, we found improved recognition memory, paralleled by increased gray matter volume in inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus, and augmented hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity to parietal areas. Moreover, effects were specific for transient negative energy balance and could not be detected after subsequent weight maintenance. Our data demonstrate for the first time in humans that beneficial effects of CR on brain structure and function are due to weight loss rather than an overall reduced weight.
饮食调整，如热量限制（CR），已被提议作为改善记忆力和预防与年龄相关衰退的一种方法。然而，尚不清楚这些影响是否会随时间保持稳定，或者是否与CR减肥阶段的负能量平衡具体相关。我们采用随机干预设计，研究了绝经后肥胖女性（n = 19）的识别记忆和神经相关性变化：1）在为期12周的低热量饮食过程中剧烈减重后（体重减轻且负能量平衡），以及2）在体重持续减轻4周以上后（体重减轻，但能量平衡达到均衡）。将参与者与一个被指示不改变饮食习惯的对照组（n = 18）进行对比。在CR组中，我们发现识别记忆得到改善，同时额下回和海马体的灰质体积增加，海马体与顶叶区域的静息态功能连接增强。此外，这些影响是短暂负能量平衡所特有的，在随后的体重维持期后无法检测到。我们的数据首次在人类中证明，CR对大脑结构和功能的有益影响是由于体重减轻，而非总体体重降低。
