Kohyama Jun
Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu 279-0001, Japan.
Brain Sci. 2016 Jan 29;6(1):5. doi: 10.3390/brainsci6010005.
There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping out of school, quitting employment, and committing suicide. In this review, we discuss findings from several large cohort studies together with recent results of a cohort study using the marshmallow test, which was first introduced in the 1960s. This test assessed the ability of four-year-olds to delay gratification and showed how this ability correlated with success later in life. The role of the serotonergic system in sleep and how this role changes with age are also discussed. The serotonergic system is involved in reward processing and interactions with the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis for behavioral patterns that are affected by the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep early in life.
有大量证据表明，睡眠中断和昼夜节律紊乱在现代社会中很常见，甚至在生命早期阶段也是如此，它们会对大脑功能产生不利影响。大脑功能改变会在以后的生活中导致问题行为，比如逃学、辍学、辞职和自杀。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几项大型队列研究的结果，以及一项使用棉花糖测试的队列研究的最新结果，该测试于20世纪60年代首次引入。这项测试评估了四岁儿童延迟满足的能力，并展示了这种能力与日后成功的相关性。我们还讨论了血清素能系统在睡眠中的作用以及这种作用如何随年龄变化。血清素能系统参与奖赏处理，与背侧纹状体、腹侧纹状体的相互作用以及前额叶皮层被认为构成了受生命早期睡眠的数量、质量和时间影响的行为模式的神经基础。
