Mc Carthy Vera J C, Perry Ivan J, Harrington Janas M, Greiner Birgit A
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
Prev Med Rep. 2015 Sep 28;2:812-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.012. eCollection 2015.
Little is known about the association between positive job characteristics of older workers and the co-occurrence of protective health behaviours. This study aims to investigate the association between perceived psychosocial job characteristics and the adoption of protective health behaviours. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 1025 males and females (age-range 50-69-years) attending a primary healthcare clinic. Perceived job characteristics (job demands: quantitative and cognitive demands; resources: possibility for development and influence at work) were determined using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Each scale is presented in tertiles. Protective health behaviours were; consumption of five or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day, moderate alcohol, non/ex-smoker, and high and moderate physical activity. Each participant was scored 0-4 protective health behaviours. The majority of the sample had three protective health behaviours. Higher levels of influence at work and cognitive demands were associated with higher self-reported physical activity, but not with any number of protective health behaviours. Conversely, higher quantitative and higher cognitive demands were associated with reporting any number of protective health behaviours or above average number of protective health behaviours respectively. The findings on protective health behaviours were inconsistent in relation to the different measures of perceived psychosocial job characteristics and were largely confined to physical activity and diet.
关于老年员工积极的工作特征与同时采取的健康保护行为之间的关联，人们了解甚少。本研究旨在调查感知到的社会心理工作特征与采取健康保护行为之间的关联。对一家初级保健诊所的1025名男性和女性（年龄范围50 - 69岁）样本进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。使用哥本哈根社会心理问卷确定感知到的工作特征（工作需求：定量需求和认知需求；资源：工作中的发展可能性和影响力）。每个量表按三分位数呈现。健康保护行为包括：每天食用五份或更多份水果和蔬菜、适量饮酒、不吸烟/已戒烟，以及高强度和中等强度的体育活动。每位参与者的健康保护行为得分为0 - 4分。大多数样本有三种健康保护行为。工作中较高的影响力和认知需求与较高的自我报告体育活动相关，但与健康保护行为的数量无关。相反，较高的定量需求和较高的认知需求分别与报告任何数量的健康保护行为或高于平均数量的健康保护行为相关。关于健康保护行为的研究结果在感知到的社会心理工作特征的不同衡量标准方面并不一致，并且主要局限于体育活动和饮食方面。
