Zavada Scott R, Battsengel Tsatsral, Scott Timothy F
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Feb 2;17(2):195. doi: 10.3390/ijms17020195.
Polymerization reactions are commonly effected by exposing monomer formulations to some initiation stimulus such as elevated temperature, light, or a chemical reactant. Increasingly, these polymerization reactions are mediated by enzymes--catalytic proteins--owing to their reaction efficiency under mild conditions as well as their environmental friendliness. The utilization of enzymes, particularly oxidases and peroxidases, for generating radicals via reduction-oxidation mechanisms is especially common for initiating radical-mediated polymerization reactions, including vinyl chain-growth polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, thiol-ene step-growth polymerization, and polymerization via oxidative coupling. While enzyme-mediated polymerization is useful for the production of materials intended for subsequent use, it is especially well-suited for in situ polymerizations, where the polymer is formed in the place where it will be utilized. Such polymerizations are especially useful for biomedical adhesives and for sensing applications.
聚合反应通常是通过将单体配方暴露于一些引发刺激因素来实现的，例如升高温度、光照或化学反应物。越来越多地，这些聚合反应由酶——催化蛋白——介导，这是由于它们在温和条件下的反应效率以及环境友好性。利用酶，特别是氧化酶和过氧化物酶，通过还原-氧化机制产生自由基，在引发自由基介导的聚合反应中尤为常见，包括乙烯基链增长聚合、原子转移自由基聚合、硫醇-烯逐步增长聚合以及通过氧化偶联进行的聚合。虽然酶介导的聚合对于生产后续使用的材料很有用，但它特别适合原位聚合，即在聚合物将被使用的地方形成聚合物。这种聚合对于生物医学粘合剂和传感应用特别有用。
