Suh Dong Ho, Jung Eun Sung, Park Hye Min, Kim Seung Hyung, Lee Sarah, Jo Yang Hee, Lee Mi Kyeong, Jung Gayoung, Do Seon-Gil, Lee Choong Hwan
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejon, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0149022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149022. eCollection 2016.
We used ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study the changes in metabolites in the mixture of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and soybean (CLM) during fermentation. Additionally, the antiobesity effects of CLM and fermented-CLM (FCLM) were studied based on the analysis of plasma from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The levels of cyanidin and the glycosides of luteolin, quercetin, and cyanidin derived from L. caerulea were decreased, whereas the levels of luteolin and quercetin were increased during fermentation. Isoflavone glycosides and soyasaponins originating from the soybean were decreased, whereas their aglycones such as daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were increased. As for prenylated flavonoids from C. tricuspidata, these metabolites were decreased at the early stage of fermentation, and were increased at end of the fermentation. In terms of the functional food product, various metabolites derived from diverse natural products in CLM had complementary effects and demonstrated higher antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities after fermentation; these activities were closely related to flavonoid aglycones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, luteolin, and quercetin. In an in vivo experiment, several clinical parameters affected by HFD were improved by the administration of either CLM or FCLM, but there was a difference in the antiobesity effects. The levels of lysoPCs with C20:4, C16:0, and C22:6 were significantly attenuated by CLM administration, while the attenuated levels of lysoPCs with C20:4 and C18:2 were significantly restored by FCLM administration. These metabolites may explain the above-mentioned differences in antiobesity effects. Although only the changes in plasma lysophospholipids could not fully explain antiobesity effects between non-fermented and fermented plant mixtures from our results, we suggest that metabolomics approach could provide a way to reveal the metabolite alterations in the complex fermentation process and understand the differences or changes in bioactivity according to fermentation.
我们采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术，研究了柘树、蓝靛果忍冬和大豆混合物（CLM）在发酵过程中代谢产物的变化。此外，基于对高脂饮食（HFD）喂养小鼠血浆的分析，研究了CLM和发酵CLM（FCLM）的抗肥胖作用。来源于蓝靛果忍冬的矢车菊素以及木犀草素、槲皮素和矢车菊素糖苷的水平在发酵过程中降低，而木犀草素和槲皮素的水平升高。来源于大豆的异黄酮糖苷和大豆皂苷减少，而它们的苷元如大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素增加。至于来源于柘树的异戊烯基黄酮类化合物，这些代谢产物在发酵初期减少，在发酵结束时增加。就功能性食品而言，CLM中源自多种天然产物的各种代谢产物具有互补作用，发酵后表现出更高的抗氧化和胰脂肪酶抑制活性；这些活性与包括染料木素、大豆苷元、黄豆黄素、木犀草素和槲皮素在内的黄酮苷元密切相关。在一项体内实验中，给予CLM或FCLM均可改善受HFD影响的多个临床参数，但抗肥胖作用存在差异。给予CLM可显著降低含有C20:4、C16:0和C22:6的溶血磷脂酰胆碱（lysoPCs）水平，而给予FCLM可显著恢复含有C20:4和C18:2的lysoPCs的降低水平。这些代谢产物可能解释了上述抗肥胖作用的差异。尽管从我们的结果来看，仅血浆溶血磷脂的变化不能完全解释未发酵和发酵植物混合物之间的抗肥胖作用，但我们认为代谢组学方法可以提供一种揭示复杂发酵过程中代谢产物变化的方法，并了解发酵后生物活性的差异或变化。
