Onat Altan, Karadeniz Yusuf, Tusun Eyyup, Yüksel Hüsniye, Kaya Ayşem
a Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey.
Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2016;14(4):513-23. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1150782. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Gender differences exist in cardiovascular or metabolic disease risk, beyond the protective effect of estrogens, mostly burdening the postmenopausal female. We aimed to review herein sex differences in pro-inflammatory states, the independence of inflammation from insulin resistance, differences in high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, in gene-environment interactions, and in the influence of current and former smoking on cardiometabolic risk. Sex differences in absorption of long-chain fatty acids are highlighted. Differences exist in the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease, men being more likely to develop coronary heart disease as a first event, compared to women who have cerebrovascular disease or heart failure as a first event. Autoimmune activation resulting from pro-inflammatory states, a fundamental mechanism for numerous chronic diseases in people prone to metabolic syndrome, is much more common in women, and these constitute major determinants. Therapeutic approaches to aspects related to sex difference are briefly reviewed.
除雌激素的保护作用外，心血管或代谢疾病风险存在性别差异，这主要给绝经后女性带来负担。我们旨在综述促炎状态下的性别差异、炎症与胰岛素抵抗的独立性、高密度脂蛋白功能障碍的差异、基因 - 环境相互作用以及当前和既往吸烟对心脏代谢风险的影响。文中强调了长链脂肪酸吸收方面的性别差异。心血管疾病的首发表现存在差异，男性首次发病更易患冠心病，而女性首次发病则更易患脑血管疾病或心力衰竭。促炎状态导致的自身免疫激活是易患代谢综合征人群众多慢性疾病的基本机制，在女性中更为常见，这些是主要的决定因素。本文简要综述了与性别差异相关方面的治疗方法。
