Ghazalpour Anatole, Cespedes Ivana, Bennett Brian J, Allayee Hooman
aDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA bDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California cInstitute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California dDepartments of Genetics eNutrition fNutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 Apr;27(2):141-7. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000278.
This article highlights recent advances in the emerging role that gut microbiota play in modulating metabolic phenotypes, with a particular focus on lipid metabolism.
Accumulating data from both human and animal studies demonstrate that intestinal microbes can affect host lipid metabolism through multiple direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These include a variety of signaling molecules produced by gut bacteria that have potent effects on hepatic lipid and bile metabolism and on reverse cholesterol transport, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Additionally, host genetic factors can modulate the abundance of bacterial taxa, which can subsequently affect various metabolic phenotypes. Proof of causality for identified microbial associations with host lipid-related phenotypes has been demonstrated in several animal studies, but remains a challenge in humans. Ultimately, selective manipulation of the gut microbial ecosystem for intervention will first require a better understanding of which specific bacteria, or alternatively, which bacterial metabolites, are appropriate targets.
Recent discoveries have broad implications for elucidating bacterially mediated pathophysiological mechanisms that alter lipid metabolism and other related metabolic traits. From a clinical perspective, this newly recognized endocrine organ system can be targeted for therapeutic benefit of dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic diseases.
本文重点介绍肠道微生物群在调节代谢表型方面新出现的作用的最新进展，尤其关注脂质代谢。
来自人类和动物研究的越来越多的数据表明，肠道微生物可通过多种直接和间接生物学机制影响宿主脂质代谢。这些机制包括肠道细菌产生的多种信号分子，它们对肝脏脂质和胆汁代谢、逆向胆固醇转运、能量消耗以及外周组织中的胰岛素敏感性具有强大影响。此外，宿主遗传因素可调节细菌类群的丰度，进而影响各种代谢表型。在多项动物研究中已证实已确定的微生物与宿主脂质相关表型之间因果关系的证据，但在人类中仍是一项挑战。最终，为进行干预而对肠道微生物生态系统进行选择性操纵首先需要更好地了解哪些特定细菌或哪些细菌代谢物是合适的靶点。
最近的发现对于阐明改变脂质代谢和其他相关代谢特征的细菌介导的病理生理机制具有广泛意义。从临床角度来看，这个新认识的内分泌器官系统可作为血脂异常和心脏代谢疾病治疗益处的靶点。
