肯尼亚西部高地蚊帐拥有率较高地区的疟疾传播媒介及其血餐来源。
Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands.
作者信息
Ndenga Bryson A, Mulaya Nicholas L, Musaki Sandra K, Shiroko Joan N, Dongus Stefan, Fillinger Ulrike
机构信息
Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. 1578, Kisumu, 40100, Kenya.
Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
出版信息
Malar J. 2016 Feb 9;15:76. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1115-y.
BACKGROUND
Blood-meal sources of malaria vectors affect their capacity to transmit the disease. Most efficient malaria vectors prefer human hosts. However, with increasing personal protection measures it becomes more difficult for them to find human hosts. Here recent malaria vector blood-meal sources in western Kenya highlands were investigated.
METHODS
Adult mosquitoes resting indoors, outdoors and exiting through windows were collected in three study areas within the western Kenya highlands from June 2011 to June 2013. A census of people, livestock and of insecticide-treated nets was done per house. Mosquito blood-meal sources were determined as human, goat, bovine or chicken using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS
Most (86.3 %) households possessed at least one bed net, 57.2 % had domesticated animals and 83.6 % had people sharing houses with livestock at night. Most (94.9 %) unfed malaria vectors were caught exiting through windows. Overall, 53.1 % of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto obtained blood-meals from humans, 26.5 % from goats and 18.4 % from bovines. Single blood-meal sources by An. gambiae s.s. from humans were 26.5 %, 8.2 % from bovines and 2.0 % from goats. Mixed blood-meal sources by An. gambiae s.s. identified included: 24.5 % human/goat, 10.2 % human/bovine, 8.2 % human/bovine/goat and also 8.2 % bovine/goat. One An. arabiensis mosquito obtained blood-meal only from humans.
CONCLUSION
An unusually high frequency of animal and mixed human-animal blood meals in the major malaria vector An. gambiae s.s. was revealed in the western Kenya highlands where bed net coverage is above the WHO target. The shift in blood-meal sources from humans to livestock is most likely the vectors' response to increased bed net coverage and the close location of livestock frequently in the same house as people at night. Livestock-targeted interventions should be considered under these circumstances to address residual malaria transmission.
背景
疟疾病媒的血餐来源会影响其传播疾病的能力。大多数高效的疟疾病媒更喜欢人类宿主。然而，随着个人防护措施的增加，它们寻找人类宿主变得更加困难。在此对肯尼亚西部高地近期疟疾病媒的血餐来源进行了调查。
方法
2011年6月至2013年6月，在肯尼亚西部高地的三个研究区域收集室内、室外以及从窗户飞出停歇的成年蚊子。对每户的人口、牲畜和经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐进行普查。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法将蚊子的血餐来源确定为人类、山羊、牛或鸡。
结果
大多数（86.3%）家庭至少拥有一顶蚊帐，57.2%有饲养家畜，83.6%有人在夜间与家畜同住。大多数（94.9%）未进食的疟疾病媒是从窗户飞出时捕获的。总体而言，严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊有53.1%的血餐来自人类，26.5%来自山羊，18.4%来自牛。严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊单一血餐来源中，来自人类的占26.5%，来自牛的占8.2%，来自山羊的占2.0%。严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊确定的混合血餐来源包括：24.5%人类/山羊，10.2%人类/牛，8.2%人类/牛/山羊，还有8.2%牛/山羊。一只阿拉伯按蚊的血餐仅来自人类。
结论
在肯尼亚西部高地，蚊帐覆盖率高于世界卫生组织目标的地区，主要疟疾病媒严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊出现动物血餐和人 - 动物混合血餐的频率异常高。血餐来源从人类转向家畜很可能是病媒对蚊帐覆盖率增加以及家畜经常在夜间与人类同处一屋的近距离位置的反应。在这种情况下，应考虑以家畜为目标的干预措施来应对残留的疟疾传播。
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