Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO. Box, 1176, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, PO. Box, 400, Ethiopia, Woldia.
Malar J. 2024 Nov 20;23(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12936-024-05148-x.
Despite the progress in scaling vector control interventions in Ethiopia, malaria is still a major health problem in the country. Monitoring of the local vector populations and the effectiveness of vector control strategies is necessary to guide programme decisions to optimize malaria prevention efforts. This study investigated the feeding preference, the biting behaviour and resting behaviours of Anopheles mosquitoes in selected localities of Dembiya District.
Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors from June 2018 to May 2019 using CDC light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, artificial pit shelters, and mouth aspirators at both Guramba Bata and Arebiya study sites. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified to the species level. Their blood meal source and Plasmodium sporozoite infections were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to 11 species were identified from 2,055 collected mosquito specimens. Anopheles pharoensis was the predominant species at both the Guramba Bata (46.5%) and Arebiya (46.2%) study sites. The CDC light traps caught the highest number of Anopheles mosquitoes in both study sites. In Guramba Bata the density of outdoor host-seeking and resting Anopheles mosquitoes were higher than indoors (P ≤ 0.05). The human blood indexes (HBI) of indoor and outdoor host-seeking Anopheles arabiensis were 17.4% and 15.3%, respectively. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of outdoor host-seeking An. arabiensis was 4.7 infective bites/person/year. Additionally, the outdoor EIR of host-seeking Anopheles coustani was 25.7ib/p/year.
Anopheles mosquitoes in Dembiya district were more likely to seek a host and rest outdoors than indoors. A reevaluation of vector control strategies is needed to ensure Ethiopia remains on the path to malaria elimination. The detection of Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein in potential secondary vectors, such as An. coustani requires further investigation to substantiate their role in malaria transmission.
尽管在埃塞俄比亚扩大了蚊虫控制干预措施的规模，但疟疾仍是该国的一个主要卫生问题。监测当地蚊虫种群和蚊虫控制策略的效果对于指导方案决策以优化疟疾预防工作至关重要。本研究调查了德米亚地区选定地点的疟蚊的取食偏好、叮咬行为和栖息行为。
2018 年 6 月至 2019 年 5 月，使用 CDC 诱蚊灯、除虫菊酯喷雾捕获、人工坑棚和口腔吸引器，在 Guramba Bata 和 Arebiya 研究点室内外采集成年疟蚊。将疟蚊鉴定到种的水平。使用酶联免疫吸附试验确定其血液来源和疟原虫孢子感染情况。
从 2055 只采集的蚊子标本中鉴定出 11 种疟蚊。在 Guramba Bata（46.5%）和 Arebiya（46.2%）研究点，Pharoensis 疟蚊是最主要的物种。CDC 诱蚊灯在两个研究点捕获的疟蚊数量最多。在 Guramba Bata，户外寻找和栖息的疟蚊密度高于室内（P≤0.05）。室内和室外寻找的 An. arabiensis 的人血指数（HBI）分别为 17.4%和 15.3%。户外寻找的 An. arabiensis 的昆虫接种率（EIR）为 4.7 感染性叮咬/人/年。此外，户外寻找的 An. coustani 的 EIR 为 25.7ib/p/年。
德米亚区的疟蚊更有可能在户外而不是室内寻找宿主和栖息。需要重新评估蚊虫控制策略，以确保埃塞俄比亚继续走在消除疟疾的道路上。在潜在的次要传播媒介中发现环子孢子蛋白，如 An. coustani，需要进一步调查以证实它们在疟疾传播中的作用。
