Jepsen O B, Strøbaek S, Zimakoff J
Ugeskr Laeger. 1989 Nov 6;151(45):2955-8.
In the world literature, 31 probable or certain cases of occupational HIV-infection among health staff have been described during a period of ten years from 1977. In 17 cases needle punctures had occurred while cuts or skin/mucosal exposure had occurred on 11 occasions. The predominant route of infection was thus percutaneous lesions most frequently in connection with giving injections or taking blood samples and the most exposed persons were nurses and laboratory staff. Cohort investigations of HIV-infection following percutaneous exposure include a total of approximately 1,500 persons and the risk of seroconversion, ie infectionsness, was, in these cases, 0.5% (0.2-1.1%), on an average. The occupational risk for HIV-infection among health staff in Denmark is low and is determined by the infectionsness, incidence of exposure (particularly needle punctures) and the prevalence of carrieres of infection. On the basis of certain assumptions about the incidence of needle punctures and the prevalence of HIV-carriers the average risk for nurses is calculated to be 1 per 100 years or 1 per 20,000 staff.
在世界文献中，从1977年起的十年间共描述了31例医护人员职业性感染艾滋病毒的可能或确诊病例。其中17例发生了针刺伤，11例出现了割伤或皮肤/黏膜暴露。因此，主要感染途径是经皮损伤，最常见于注射或采血时，最易暴露的人群是护士和实验室工作人员。对经皮暴露后艾滋病毒感染的队列研究共涉及约1500人，在这些案例中，血清转化（即感染）的平均风险为0.5%（0.2%-1.1%）。丹麦医护人员职业感染艾滋病毒的风险较低，由感染性、暴露发生率（尤其是针刺伤）和感染携带者的患病率决定。基于对针刺伤发生率和艾滋病毒携带者患病率的某些假设，计算出护士的平均风险为每100年1例或每20000名工作人员1例。
