Kaczynski Andrew T, Schipperijn Jasper, Hipp J Aaron, Besenyi Gina M, Wilhelm Stanis Sonja A, Hughey S Morgan, Wilcox Sara
Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA; Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA.
Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern, Denmark.
Prev Med. 2016 Jun;87:110-114. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
A lack of comprehensive and standardized metrics for measuring park exposure limits park-related research and health promotion efforts. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate an empirically-derived and spatially-represented index of park access (ParkIndex) that would allow researchers, planners, and citizens to evaluate the potential for park use for a given area.
Data used for developing ParkIndex were collected in 2010 in Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO). Adult study participants (n=891) reported whether they used a park within the past month, and all parks in KCMO were mapped and audited using ArcGIS 9.3 and the Community Park Audit Tool. Four park summary variables - distance to nearest park, and the number of parks, amount of park space, and average park quality index within 1mile were analyzed in relation to park use using logistic regression. Coefficients for significant park summary variables were used to create a raster surface (ParkIndex) representing the probability of park use for all 100m×100m cells in KCMO.
Two park summary variables were positively associated with park use - the number of parks and the average park quality index within 1 mile. The ParkIndex probability of park use across all cells in KCMO ranged from 17 to 77 out of 100.
ParkIndex represents a standardized metric of park access that combines elements of both park availability and quality, which was developed empirically and can be represented spatially. This tool has both practical and conceptual significance for researchers and professionals in diverse disciplines.
缺乏用于衡量公园可达性的全面且标准化的指标限制了与公园相关的研究及健康促进工作。本研究旨在开发并展示一种基于实证得出且具有空间代表性的公园可达性指数（公园指数），使研究人员、规划者和市民能够评估特定区域内使用公园的可能性。
用于开发公园指数的数据于2010年在密苏里州堪萨斯城（KCMO）收集。成年研究参与者（n = 891）报告他们在过去一个月内是否使用过公园，并且使用ArcGIS 9.3和社区公园审计工具对KCMO的所有公园进行了地图绘制和审计。使用逻辑回归分析了四个公园汇总变量——到最近公园的距离、公园数量、公园面积以及1英里范围内的平均公园质量指数与公园使用情况的关系。显著公园汇总变量的系数用于创建一个栅格表面（公园指数），表示KCMO中所有100m×100m单元格使用公园的概率。
两个公园汇总变量与公园使用呈正相关——公园数量和1英里范围内的平均公园质量指数。KCMO中所有单元格的公园指数使用公园的概率范围为100分之17至77。
公园指数代表了一种标准化的公园可达性指标，它结合了公园可达性和质量的要素，是基于实证开发的且可在空间上表示。该工具对不同学科的研究人员和专业人员具有实际和概念上的意义。
