Bergschmidt Viktoria B
Anthropol Med. 2004 Apr 1;11(1):59-73. doi: 10.1080/1364847042000204915.
Taking the observation of disciplining and controlling everyday practices of methadone substitution as a point of departure, this paper explores the question of what exactly is so threatening or dangerous about heroin and heroin users. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, the main argument of this article is that the danger of heroin use is a discursive construction in accordance with bio-power. On the one hand, the juridical governance of heroin dependence is shifting from punishment to therapy, and biomedical discourses proclaim the substitution of a moral notion of heroin dependence by a disease model. Nevertheless, in the context of the anxiety associated with HIV, heroin remains the dangerous drug par excellence, and heroin users are constructed as 'abject others', unable to subordinate to certain social norms. As a reaction to such injurious ascriptions, I argue, applicants to the methadone programme in their life stories intensely narrate a desire for normalization, which I read as a desire to emerge from the realm of the abject. Both the danger and the pleasure associated with heroin use are bound to fundamental processes of subject formation, which are often ignored in biomedical and anthropological discourses.
以观察美沙酮替代疗法对日常行为的规范和控制为出发点，本文探讨了海洛因及海洛因使用者究竟有何威胁性或危险性这一问题。借鉴米歇尔·福柯和朱迪思·巴特勒的研究成果，本文的主要观点是，使用海洛因的危险性是一种依据生命权力的话语建构。一方面，对海洛因成瘾的司法治理正从惩罚转向治疗，生物医学话语宣称用疾病模型取代海洛因成瘾的道德观念。然而，在与艾滋病病毒相关的焦虑背景下，海洛因仍然是典型的危险毒品，海洛因使用者被建构为“可憎的他者”，无法服从某些社会规范。我认为，作为对这种伤害性归因的一种反应，美沙酮项目的申请者在他们的生活故事中强烈地叙述了一种渴望正常化的愿望，我将其解读为一种渴望从可憎的领域中摆脱出来的愿望。与使用海洛因相关的危险和快感都与主体形成的基本过程相关联，而这在生物医学和人类学话语中常常被忽视。
