Liu Zhimin, Lian Zhi, Zhao Chengzheng
National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2006 Mar;25(2):173-5. doi: 10.1080/09595230500538835.
This paper on drug use and HIV/AIDS in China follows on from the column's May 2005 article on the description of the first methadone maintenance clinic in Beijing. Methadone maintenance clinics and needle exchange programmes are now being implemented in China as a response to the rapid increase in prevalence of HIV/AIDS over the last 10-15 years. It is worth noting that in prior years methadone was available only as for short-term detoxification from opioids and for research purposes. Accordingly, the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Intervention at the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control in China plans to establish 1,000 methadone replacement clinics within the next 5 years to treat 200,000 heroin-dependent users who are at increased risk of HIV/AIDS. Robert Ali & Rachel HumeniukEditors, Asia Pacific ColumnThe cumulative number of registered drug users in mainland China increased from 70,000 in 1990 to 1.14 million in 2004. Heroin continues to be the most commonly used drug in China; however, polydrug use is popular among heroin users. Sedatives/hypnotics (e.g. triazolam) and other uncontrolled prescription opioids (e.g. pethidine and tramadol) are used commonly in combination with heroin. The majority of drug users (79%) are young people aged between 17 and 35 years and comprise predominantly farmers (30%) and unemployed people (45%). The HIV/AIDS epidemic in China has reached expansion phase (1995-present). It is estimated that the actual number of HIV/AIDS cases reached 840,000, including 80,000 actual AIDS patients, in 2003, with injecting drug users (IDUs) making up the largest proportion of these cases. Although the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS is only 0.065% in the Chinese population overall, there is potential for an explosive spread of HIV/AIDS if preventative measures are not employed. Supported by the Chinese government and other related international organisations, harm reduction strategies such as methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and needle-syringe programmes (NSP) have commenced implementation to reduce the risk of HIV infection among heroin users.
本文关于中国的吸毒与艾滋病毒/艾滋病情况，接续了本专栏2005年5月那篇介绍北京首家美沙酮维持治疗门诊的文章。鉴于过去10至15年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患病率迅速上升，中国目前正在实施美沙酮维持治疗门诊和针具交换项目。值得注意的是，前些年美沙酮仅用于阿片类药物的短期脱毒及研究目的。因此，中国疾病预防控制中心健康教育与行为干预处计划在未来5年内设立1000家美沙酮替代治疗门诊，以治疗20万感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险较高的海洛因依赖者。
罗伯特·阿里与雷切尔·胡梅纽克
亚太专栏编辑
中国大陆登记在册的吸毒者累计数量从1990年的7万增至2004年的114万。海洛因仍是中国最常用的毒品；然而，多药合用在海洛因使用者中很普遍。镇静剂/催眠药（如三唑仑）和其他不受管制的处方阿片类药物（如哌替啶和曲马多）常与海洛因合用。大多数吸毒者（79%）为17至35岁的年轻人，主要包括农民（30%）和失业人员（45%）。中国的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情已进入扩散期（1995年至今）。据估计，2003年艾滋病毒/艾滋病实际病例数达84万，其中实际艾滋病患者8万，注射吸毒者占这些病例的最大比例。尽管艾滋病毒/艾滋病在中国总人口中的患病率仅为0.065%，但如果不采取预防措施，艾滋病毒/艾滋病有可能爆发性传播。在中国政府和其他相关国际组织的支持下，美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）和针具交换项目（NSP）等减少危害战略已开始实施，以降低海洛因使用者感染艾滋病毒的风险。
