Allen David B
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and Endocrinology/Diabetes Fellowship Program, UW American Family Children's Hospital, Madison, Wis., USA.
Horm Res Paediatr. 2016;85(4):278-82. doi: 10.1159/000444054. Epub 2016 Feb 13.
The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) adopted testosterone level criteria for eligibility (i.e. 10 nmol/l or 290 ng/dl in blood for IAAF, levels 'within the male range' for IOC) to compete in the 'includes females' category. The policies address the assertion that women with very high endogenous testosterone (unless they are androgen-resistant) have an unfair advantage over women with lower natural levels. Recently, the Court of Arbitration for Sport suspended the 'hyperandrogenism regulation' by the IAAF, but added: 'since there are separate categories of male and female competition, it is necessary for the IAAF to formulate a basis for the division of athletes into male and female categories for the benefit of the broad class of female athletes. The basis chosen should be necessary, reasonable and proportionate to the legitimate objective being pursued' [Branch J: Dutee Chand, Female Sprinter with High Testosterone Level, Wins Right to Compete. The New York Times, July 27, 2015]. An analysis of available evidence below - scientific as well as experiential - suggests that androgen-based criteria can, in fact, be rationally defended as the best currently available and practical approach to determine eligibility for competition in the 'includes females' category. However, to justify such policies, the IOC and IAAF must also show them to be not only rational, but also fair, necessary, and consistent with the treatment of athletes with other endogenous non-physiologic advantages.
国际田径联合会（IAAF）和国际奥委会（IOC）采用了睾酮水平标准来确定参赛资格（即国际田联规定血液中睾酮水平为10纳摩尔/升或290纳克/分升，国际奥委会规定为“处于男性范围”的水平），以参加“包括女性”类别比赛。这些政策回应了一种说法，即内源性睾酮水平极高的女性（除非她们对雄激素不敏感）比自然水平较低的女性具有不公平的优势。最近，体育仲裁法庭暂停了国际田联的“高雄激素血症规定”，但补充道：“由于存在男女分开的比赛类别，国际田联有必要为将运动员划分为男女类别制定一个依据，以造福广大女性运动员群体。所选择的依据应该是必要的、合理的，并且与所追求的合法目标相称”[布兰奇·J：杜蒂·钱德，高睾酮水平的女子短跑运动员，赢得参赛权。《纽约时报》，2015年7月27日]。以下对现有证据——包括科学证据和经验证据——的分析表明，基于雄激素的标准实际上可以作为确定“包括女性”类别比赛资格的目前最佳且可行的方法而得到合理辩护。然而，为了证明此类政策的合理性，国际奥委会和国际田联还必须表明这些政策不仅合理，而且公平、必要，并且与对待具有其他内源性非生理性优势的运动员的方式一致。
