Mcvay Megan A, Myers Valerie H, Vollmer William M, Coughlin Janelle W, Champagne Catherine M, Dalcin Arlene T, Funk Kristine L, Hollis Jack F, Jerome Gerald J, Samuel-Hodge Carmen D, Stevens Victor J, Svetkey Laura P, Brantley Phillip J
Duke University Medical Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University, Durham; Department of Veteran Affairs, Center of Excellence for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham.
Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, Colorado.
Nutr Diet. 2014 Sep;71(3):144-151. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12092. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Dietary changes occurring during weight loss interventions can vary. The present study tested if pretreatment psychosocial, dietary and demographic factors were associated with changes in fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake during a weight loss intervention.
This analysis includes participants who lost at least four kilograms during the initial six month weight loss phase (phase I) of the Weight Loss Maintenance Trial, a group format behavioural intervention emphasising a low-fat diet and increased physical activity. Multiple linear regression was used to determine associations between pretreatment psychosocial, dietary, physical activity, and demographic variables and changes from pretreatment to six months in fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake.
Participants ( = 1032) were 63.4% female, 62.4% non-African American, and had a mean age of 55.6 and BMI of 34.1 kg/m. Being African American ( < 0.0001) and higher baseline kilojoule intake ( < 0.01) were associated with smaller reductions in fat intake. Being African American ( < 0.001) and older age ( = 0.02) were associated with smaller increases in fruit and vegetable intake, whereas a history of 10 or more past weight loss episodes of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg; < 0.01) was associated with greater increases.
Few psychosocial factors examined contributed to variability in dietary change. Even when achieving meaningful weight losses during a behavioural weight loss intervention, African Americans may make fewer beneficial changes in fat and fruit and vegetable intake than non-African Americans.
减肥干预期间发生的饮食变化可能各不相同。本研究测试了在减肥干预期间，治疗前的心理社会、饮食和人口统计学因素是否与脂肪摄入量以及水果和蔬菜摄入量的变化相关。
该分析纳入了在减肥维持试验的初始六个月减肥阶段（第一阶段）体重减轻至少4千克的参与者，这是一项以小组形式进行的行为干预，强调低脂饮食和增加身体活动。采用多元线性回归来确定治疗前的心理社会、饮食、身体活动和人口统计学变量与从治疗前到六个月时脂肪摄入量以及水果和蔬菜摄入量变化之间的关联。
参与者（n = 1032）中63.4%为女性，62.4%为非非裔美国人，平均年龄为55.6岁，体重指数为34.1 kg/m²。非裔美国人身份（P < 0.0001）和较高的基线千焦摄入量（P < 0.01）与脂肪摄入量的较小减少相关。非裔美国人身份（P < 0.001）和较高年龄（P = 0.02）与水果和蔬菜摄入量的较小增加相关；而过去有10次或更多次至少减重10磅（4.5千克）经历（P < 0.01）则与更大的增加相关。
所研究的心理社会因素中，很少有因素导致饮食变化的差异。即使在行为减肥干预期间实现了有意义的体重减轻，非裔美国人在脂肪以及水果和蔬菜摄入量方面可能比非非裔美国人做出的有益变化更少。
