Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
New Phytol. 2016 Jun;210(4):1169-89. doi: 10.1111/nph.13866. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
1169 I. 1170 II. 1170 III. 1172 IV. 1176 V. 1181 VI. 1182 1183 References 1183 SUMMARY: Modern agriculture is facing multiple challenges including the necessity for a substantial increase in production to meet the needs of a burgeoning human population. Water shortage is a deleterious consequence of both population growth and climate change and is one of the most severe factors limiting global crop productivity. Brassica species, particularly canola varieties, are cultivated worldwide for edible oil, animal feed, and biodiesel, and suffer dramatic yield loss upon drought stress. The recent release of the Brassica napus genome supplies essential genetic information to facilitate identification of drought-related genes and provides new information for agricultural improvement in this species. Here we summarize current knowledge regarding drought responses of canola, including physiological and -omics effects of drought. We further discuss knowledge gained through translational biology based on discoveries in the closely related reference species Arabidopsis thaliana and through genetic strategies such as genome-wide association studies and analysis of natural variation. Knowledge of drought tolerance/resistance responses in canola together with research outcomes arising from new technologies and methodologies will inform novel strategies for improvement of drought tolerance and yield in this and other important crop species.
1169 I. 1170 II. 1170 III. 1172 IV. 1176 V. 1181 VI. 1182 1183 参考文献 1183 摘要：现代农业面临着多种挑战，包括需要大幅提高产量以满足不断增长的人口需求。水资源短缺是人口增长和气候变化的有害后果，是限制全球作物生产力的最严重因素之一。芸薹属物种，特别是油菜品种，在全球范围内被用于食用油、动物饲料和生物柴油生产，但在遭受干旱胁迫时会遭受严重的产量损失。最近发布的甘蓝型油菜基因组提供了必要的遗传信息，有助于鉴定与干旱相关的基因，并为该物种的农业改良提供了新的信息。本文总结了油菜对干旱的反应，包括干旱的生理和组学效应。我们还讨论了通过在密切相关的参考物种拟南芥中的转化生物学发现以及通过全基因组关联研究和分析自然变异等遗传策略获得的知识。对油菜抗旱/耐逆性反应的认识，以及新技术和方法学的研究成果，将为提高油菜和其他重要作物的抗旱性和产量提供新的策略。
