Lopes Luciano Bastos, Eckstein Camila, Pina Douglas Santos, Carnevalli Roberta Aparecida
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Agrosilvopastoral, Rodovia dos Pioneiros MT-222, Km 2,5, Sinop, MT, 78550-970, Brazil.
Federal University of Mato Grosso - Campus Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Bairro Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2016 Apr;48(4):755-61. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1021-x. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
The intensification of the livestock production system has gained prominence over the last decades. In addition to the reduction of grazing areas and increased productivity per hectare, the intercropping involving forest tree species and ruminants has been established as a sustainable production model, generating income and valuation of natural capital. Besides the social, economic, and environmental aspects, the animal welfare is a noteworthy factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microclimatic conditions in an open-pasture and in silvopastoral systems, considering the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and alterations in animal behavior. Three different pasture arrangements were analyzed in this study: total absence of trees in an open-pasture (ArrA), presence of peripheral trees (Eucalyptus spp.) along the border fences (ArrB), and an intensive wooded area aggregated with pasture (ArrC). A herd of 24 crossbreed heifers (3/4 and 7/8 Holstein-Girolando breed) was evaluated. Behavior data were collected every 15 min starting at 08 h00 with readings ending at 16 h00. THI was used to evaluate the environmental comfort. The THI found in the system with open-pasture and in the two systems with silvopastoral arrangement reached critical levels. The two arrangements with eucalyptus rows were not capable of eliminating heat stress in the conditions found in the north region of Mato Grosso State although better conditions were obtained under the tree canopy. The differences between the microclimatic variables for the three arrangements modified the behavior of the animals regarding their location and activity, except for water consumption.
在过去几十年中，畜牧生产系统的集约化日益显著。除了放牧面积减少和每公顷产量增加外，涉及林木物种和反刍动物的间作已成为一种可持续生产模式，产生了收入并提升了自然资本的价值。除了社会、经济和环境方面，动物福利也是一个值得关注的因素。本研究的目的是考虑温度湿度指数（THI）和动物行为变化，评估开放式牧场和林牧系统中的微气候条件。本研究分析了三种不同的牧场布局：开放式牧场中完全没有树木（布局A）、沿着边界围栏有周边树木（桉树属）（布局B），以及与牧场聚集在一起的密集林区（布局C）。对一群24头杂交小母牛（3/4和7/8荷斯坦 - 吉罗兰多品种）进行了评估。从08:00开始，每隔15分钟收集一次行为数据，读数在16:00结束。THI用于评估环境舒适度。在开放式牧场系统以及两种林牧布局系统中发现的THI达到了临界水平。尽管在树冠下获得了较好的条件，但在马托格罗索州北部地区发现的条件下，两种有桉树林行的布局无法消除热应激。三种布局的微气候变量差异改变了动物在其位置和活动方面的行为，但饮水消耗除外。
