Vassallo Christopher N, Wall Daniel
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Bioessays. 2016 Apr;38(4):306-15. doi: 10.1002/bies.201500132. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
Damage repair is a fundamental requirement of all life as organisms find themselves in challenging and fluctuating environments. In particular, damage to the barrier between an organism and its environment (e.g. skin, plasma membrane, bacterial cell envelope) is frequent because these organs/organelles directly interact with the external world. Here, we discuss the general strategies that bacteria use to cope with damage to their cell envelope and their repair limits. We then describe a novel damage-coping mechanism used by multicellular myxobacteria. We propose that cell-cell transfer of membrane material within a population serves as a wound-healing strategy and provide evidence for its utility. We suggest that--similar to how tissues in eukaryotes have evolved cooperative methods of damage repair--so too have some bacteria that live a multicellular lifestyle.
损伤修复是所有生命的一项基本需求，因为生物体发现自身处于具有挑战性且不断变化的环境中。特别是，生物体与其环境之间的屏障（如皮肤、质膜、细菌细胞壁）经常受到损伤，因为这些器官/细胞器直接与外部世界相互作用。在这里，我们讨论细菌用于应对其细胞壁损伤及其修复限度的一般策略。然后，我们描述多细胞粘细菌所使用的一种新型损伤应对机制。我们提出，群体内膜材料的细胞间转移可作为一种伤口愈合策略，并提供其效用的证据。我们认为，类似于真核生物中的组织如何进化出损伤修复的协作方法，一些过着多细胞生活方式的细菌也是如此。
