Faltýnková Anna, Sures Bernd, Kostadinova Aneta
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Syst Parasitol. 2016 Mar;93(3):283-93. doi: 10.1007/s11230-016-9627-y. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
We analysed two novel databases containing 2,380 and 8,202 host-parasite-locality records for trematode parasites of molluscs and fishes, respectively, to assess the biodiversity of trematodes in their intermediate mollusc and fish hosts in the freshwater environment in Europe. The "mollusc" dataset covers large numbers of pulmonate (29 spp.), "prosobranch" (15 spp.) and bivalve (11 spp.) molluscs acting as first intermediate hosts for 171 trematode species of 89 genera and 35 families. Of these, 23 and 40 species utilise freshwater fishes as definitive and second intermediate hosts, respectively. The most frequently recorded families are the Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899, Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 and Schistosomatidae Stilles & Hassal, 1898, and the most frequently recorded species are Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819), D. pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 and Echinoparyphium recurvatum (von Linstow, 1873). Four snail species harbour extremely rich trematode faunas: Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) (41 spp.); Planorbis planorbis (L.) (39 spp.); Radix peregra (O.F. Müller) (33 spp.); and R. ovata (Draparnaud) (31 spp.). The "fish" dataset covers 99 fish species of 63 genera and 19 families acting as second intermediate hosts for 66 species of 33 genera and nine families. The most frequently recorded families are the Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886, Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 and Bucephalidae Poche, 1907, and the most frequently recorded species are Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819), Tylodelphys clavata (von Nordmann, 1832) and Posthodiplostomum cuticola (von Nordmann, 1832). Four cyprinid fishes exhibit the highest species richness of larval trematodes: Rutilus rutilus (L.) (41 spp.); Abramis brama (L.) (34 spp.); Blicca bjoerkna (L.) (33 spp.); and Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) (33 spp.). Larval stages of 50 species reported in fish are also reported in freshwater molluscs, thus indicating a relatively good knowledge of the life-cycles of fish trematodes in Europe. We provide host-parasite lists for 55 species of molluscs with a European distribution comprising 413 host-parasite associations.
我们分析了两个新数据库，分别包含2380条和8202条软体动物和鱼类吸虫寄生虫的宿主 - 寄生虫 - 地点记录，以评估欧洲淡水环境中吸虫在其软体动物中间宿主和鱼类宿主中的生物多样性。“软体动物”数据集涵盖大量作为89个属和35个科的171种吸虫第一中间宿主的肺螺亚纲（29种）、“前鳃亚纲”（15种）和双壳纲（11种）软体动物。其中，分别有23种和40种吸虫将淡水鱼作为终末宿主和第二中间宿主。记录最频繁的科是1899年的棘口科、1886年的双穴科和1898年的裂体科，记录最频繁的物种是匙形双穴吸虫（Rudolphi，1819年）、假匙形双穴吸虫（Niewiadomska，1984年）和反曲棘口吸虫（von Linstow，1873年）。四种蜗牛物种拥有极其丰富的吸虫动物群：静水椎实螺（L.）（41种）；扁卷螺（L.）（39种）；截口圆扁螺（O.F. Müller）（33种）；卵形萝卜螺（Draparnaud）（31种）。“鱼类”数据集涵盖63个属和19个科的99种鱼类，作为33个属和9个科的66种吸虫的第二中间宿主。记录最频繁的科是1886年的双穴科、1919年的斜睾科和1907年的布氏科，记录最频繁的物种是匙形双穴吸虫（Rudolphi，1819年）、棒形泰勒吸虫（von Nordmann，1832年）和尾蚴双穴吸虫（von Nordmann，1832年）。四种鲤科鱼类表现出幼虫吸虫物种丰富度最高：赤睛鱼（L.）（41种）；欧鳊（L.）（34种）；钝吻棒花鱼（L.）（33种）；赤眼鳟（L.）（33种）。在鱼类中报告的50种吸虫的幼虫阶段在淡水软体动物中也有报告，因此表明对欧洲鱼类吸虫的生命周期有相对较好的了解。我们提供了55种分布于欧洲的软体动物的宿主 - 寄生虫列表，包括413个宿主 - 寄生虫关联。
