Böttcher Lucas, Araújo Nuno A M, Nagler Jan, Mendes José F F, Helbing Dirk, Herrmann Hans J
Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências and Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 22;11(2):e0149514. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149514. eCollection 2016.
Studying abroad has become very popular among students. The ERASMUS mobility program is one of the largest international student exchange programs in the world, which has supported already more than three million participants since 1987. We analyzed the mobility pattern within this program in 2011-12 and found a gender gap across countries and subject areas. Namely, for almost all participating countries, female students are over-represented in the ERASMUS program when compared to the entire population of tertiary students. The same tendency is observed across different subject areas. We also found a gender asymmetry in the geographical distribution of hosting institutions, with a bias of male students in Scandinavian countries. However, a detailed analysis reveals that this latter asymmetry is rather driven by subject and consistent with the distribution of gender ratios among subject areas.
出国留学在学生中变得非常流行。伊拉斯谟交流计划是世界上最大的国际学生交流计划之一，自1987年以来已经支持了超过300万参与者。我们分析了2011 - 2012年该计划中的流动模式，发现在国家和学科领域存在性别差异。也就是说，与全体高等教育学生相比，几乎所有参与国的女生在伊拉斯谟计划中的占比都过高。在不同学科领域也观察到了相同的趋势。我们还发现了接收机构地理分布上的性别不对称，在斯堪的纳维亚国家男生存在偏向。然而，详细分析表明，后一种不对称更多是由学科驱动的，并且与学科领域的性别比例分布一致。
