Negrón-Oyarzo Ignacio, Aboitiz Francisco, Fuentealba Pablo
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Marcoleta No. 391, 8320000 Santiago, Chile.
Neural Plast. 2016;2016:7539065. doi: 10.1155/2016/7539065. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Chronic stress-related psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia, are characterized by a maladaptive organization of behavioral responses that strongly affect the well-being of patients. Current evidence suggests that a functional impairment of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Therefore, chronic stress may impair PFC functions required for the adaptive orchestration of behavioral responses. In the present review, we integrate evidence obtained from cognitive neuroscience with neurophysiological research with animal models, to put forward a hypothesis that addresses stress-induced behavioral dysfunctions observed in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. We propose that chronic stress impairs mechanisms involved in neuronal functional connectivity in the PFC that are required for the formation of adaptive representations for the execution of adaptive behavioral responses. These considerations could be particularly relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of chronic stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
慢性应激相关的精神疾病，如重度抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍和精神分裂症，其特征在于行为反应的适应不良组织，这对患者的幸福感有强烈影响。目前的证据表明，前额叶皮质（PFC）的功能障碍与这些疾病的病理生理学有关。因此，慢性应激可能会损害行为反应适应性协调所需的PFC功能。在本综述中，我们将认知神经科学获得的证据与动物模型的神经生理学研究相结合，提出一个假设，以解决在应激相关神经精神疾病中观察到的应激诱导的行为功能障碍。我们提出，慢性应激会损害PFC中神经元功能连接所涉及的机制，而这些机制是形成用于执行适应性行为反应的适应性表征所必需的。这些考虑对于理解慢性应激相关神经精神疾病的病理生理学可能特别相关。
