Lockitch G
Department of Pathology, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1989;27(6):483-541. doi: 10.3109/10408368909114596.
Selenium is an essential trace element in humans and animals. Its only established function in humans is the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase, a selenoenzyme. Severe prolonged deficiency may cause a fatal cardiomyopathy. Iatrogenic causes of selenium deficiency include parenteral and enteral nutrition. Low plasma selenium is also found in malabsorption, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, neoplasia, and other varied clinical disorders. Death has resulted from a single massive ingestion of selenium, while chronic excessive intake causes skin, nail, and hair pathology. Extreme geographical variation in population blood and urine selenium levels and a marked age-specific variation in population reference intervals are important factors in understanding selenium nutrition. Nutritional requirements, biological availability, and metabolism are discussed in relation to geographical, age, and method variability. Sampling, processing procedures, and methods for selenium quantitation are reviewed. Selenium content in different biological matrices and reference values for pediatric, adult, and obstetric populations are provided.
硒是人和动物必需的微量元素。其在人体中唯一已确定的功能是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（一种含硒酶）的抗氧化活性。严重长期缺乏可能导致致命的心肌病。硒缺乏的医源性原因包括肠外营养和肠内营养。在吸收不良、囊性纤维化、类风湿性关节炎、肿瘤及其他各种临床病症中也会发现血浆硒水平较低。单次大量摄入硒会导致死亡，而长期过量摄入会引发皮肤、指甲和毛发病变。人群血液和尿液中硒水平的极端地理差异以及人群参考区间明显的年龄特异性差异是理解硒营养的重要因素。本文讨论了与地理、年龄和方法变异性相关的营养需求、生物可利用性和代谢。综述了硒定量的采样、处理程序和方法。提供了不同生物基质中的硒含量以及儿科、成人和产科人群的参考值。
