van den Brand H, Sosef M P, Lourens A, van Harn J
Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2016 May;95(5):1025-32. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew008. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
Two experiments were conducted in which effects of floor eggs, washed floor eggs, and clean nest eggs were investigated on incubation characteristics and performance in later life of broiler chickens. In both experiments, a young and an older breeder flock were used in a 3×2 factorial design during incubation. In the second experiment, male and female chickens were reared separately until d 35 of age in floor pens. During this grow out trial, an extra group was created in which chickens obtained from clean nest eggs were mixed with chickens obtained from floor eggs, meaning that grow out period was set up as a 4×2×2 factorial design with 4 egg types, 2 breeder ages, and 2 sexes. In both experiments, fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs were lower in floor and washed eggs than in clean nest eggs (hatchability: experiment 1: 74.4 vs. 70.6 vs. 92.6% for floor eggs, washed floor eggs and clean nest eggs, respectively, P<0.001; experiment 2: 78.3 vs. 81.7 vs. 90.2%, respectively, P<0.001). In experiment 2, BW at d 0 of chickens obtained from clean nest eggs was higher than that of chickens from floor eggs and washed floor eggs (41.5 vs. 40.4 and 40.3 g, respectively; P<0.001). This difference disappeared during the grow out period and was absent at slaughter age at d 35 of age. Feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality during the grow out period were not affected by egg type. Incidence and severity of hock burns and footpad dermatitis were not affected by egg type or breeder age. Litter friability at d 35 of age tended to be lower in pens with chickens obtained from washed floor eggs compared to clean nest eggs. We conclude that incubation of floor eggs or washed floor eggs resulted in lower fertility and hatchability compared to clean nest eggs, but that performance during the grow out period was not affected.
进行了两项试验，研究地面蛋、清洗后的地面蛋和清洁的巢蛋对肉鸡孵化特性及后期生长性能的影响。在两项试验中，孵化期间均采用3×2析因设计，使用了一个年轻种鸡群和一个年长种鸡群。在第二项试验中，雄性和雌性鸡在地面平养中分别饲养至35日龄。在这次育成试验期间，设立了一个额外的组，将来自清洁巢蛋的鸡与来自地面蛋的鸡混合，这意味着育成期设置为4×2×2析因设计，包括4种蛋类型、2个种鸡年龄和2个性别。在两项试验中，地面蛋和清洗后的蛋的受精率和受精蛋孵化率均低于清洁的巢蛋（孵化率：试验1：地面蛋、清洗后的地面蛋和清洁的巢蛋分别为74.4%、70.6%和92.6%，P<0.001；试验2：分别为78.3%、81.7%和90.2%，P<0.001）。在试验2中，来自清洁巢蛋的鸡在0日龄时的体重高于来自地面蛋和清洗后的地面蛋的鸡（分别为41.5克、40.4克和40.3克；P<0.001）。这种差异在育成期消失，在35日龄屠宰时不存在。育成期的采食量（FI）、饲料转化率（FCR）和死亡率不受蛋类型的影响。跗关节灼伤和脚垫皮炎的发生率及严重程度不受蛋类型或种鸡年龄的影响。与清洁的巢蛋相比，在35日龄时，来自清洗后的地面蛋的鸡所在栏中的垫料易碎性有降低的趋势。我们得出结论，与清洁的巢蛋相比，孵化地面蛋或清洗后的地面蛋会导致较低的受精率和孵化率，但育成期的性能不受影响。
