Faria Neto José Rocha, Bento Vivian Freitas Rezende, Baena Cristina Pellegrino, Olandoski Marcia, Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira, Abreu Gabriela de Azevedo, Kuschnir Maria Cristina Caetano, Bloch Katia Vergetti
Centro de Epidemiologia e Pesquisa Clínica, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2016 Feb;50 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):10s. doi: 10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006723. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in Brazilian adolescents, as well as the prevalence of altered levels of such parameters. METHODS Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were used. This is a country-wide, school-based cross-sectional study that evaluated 12 to 17-year old adolescents living in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. The average and distribution of plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated. Dyslipidemia was determined by levels of total cholesterol ≥ 170 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL, or triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl. The data were analyzed by gender, age, and regions in Brazil. RESULTS We evaluated 38,069 adolescents - 59.9% of females, and 54.2% between 15 and 17 years. The average values found were: total cholesterol = 148.1 mg/dl (95%CI 147.1-149.1), HDL cholesterol = 47.3 mg/dl (95%CI 46.7-47.9), LDL cholesterol = 85.3 mg/dl (95%CI 84.5-86.1), and triglycerides = 77.8 mg/dl (95%CI 76.5-79.2). The female adolescents had higher average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, without differences in the levels of triglycerides. We did not observe any significant differences between the average values among 12 to 14 and 15- to 17-year old adolescents. The most prevalent lipid alterations were low HDL cholesterol (46.8% [95%CI 44.8-48.9]), hypercholesterolemia (20.1% [95%CI 19.0-21.3]), and hypertriglyceridemia (7.8% [95%CI 7.1-8.6]). High LDL cholesterol was found in 3.5% (95%CI 3.2-4.0) of the adolescents. Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was higher in Brazil's North and Northeast regions. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Brazilian adolescents has alterations in their plasma lipids. The high prevalence of low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, especially in Brazil's North and Northeast regions, must be analyzed in future studies, to support the creation of strategies for efficient interventions.
目的 确定巴西青少年中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的分布情况，以及这些参数水平异常的患病率。方法 使用青少年心血管风险研究（ERICA）的数据。这是一项全国性的、基于学校的横断面研究，评估了居住在居民超过10万的城市中的12至17岁青少年。评估了总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的血浆水平的平均值及分布情况。血脂异常的判定标准为总胆固醇≥170mg/dl、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇≥130mg/dl、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<45mg/dL或甘油三酯≥130mg/dl。数据按性别、年龄和巴西各地区进行分析。结果 我们评估了38069名青少年，其中59.9%为女性，54.2%年龄在15至17岁之间。所测得的平均值为：总胆固醇=148.1mg/dl（95%可信区间147.1 - 149.1），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇=47.3mg/dl（95%可信区间46.7 - 47.9），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇=85.3mg/dl（95%可信区间84.5 - 86.1），甘油三酯=77.8mg/dl（95%可信区间76.5 - 79.2）。女性青少年的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇平均水平较高，甘油三酯水平无差异。我们未观察到12至14岁青少年与15至17岁青少年的平均值之间存在任何显著差异。最常见的血脂异常为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（46.8%[95%可信区间44.8 - 48.9]）、高胆固醇血症（20.1%[95%可信区间19.0 - 21.3]）和高甘油三酯血症（7.8%[95%可信区间7.1 - 8.6]）。3.！%（95%可信区间3.2 - 4.0）的青少年存在低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高。巴西北部和东北部地区高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低的患病率较高。结论 相当一部分巴西青少年存在血脂异常。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低和高甘油三酯血症的高患病率，尤其是在巴西北部和东北部地区，必须在未来研究中进行分析，以支持制定有效的干预策略。
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