Leidman Eva, Maliniak Maret, Sultan Abdul-Salam Saleh, Hassan Ahmed, Hussain Syed Jaffar, Bilukha Oleg O
Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
Confl Health. 2016 Feb 24;10:2. doi: 10.1186/s13031-016-0070-0. eCollection 2016.
The insurgency tactics that characterize modern warfare, such as suicide car bombs and roadside bombs, have the potential to significantly impact road traffic injuries in conflict affected-countries. As road traffic incidents are one of the top ten causes of death in Iraq, changes in incidence have important implications for the health system. We aimed to describe patterns of road traffic fatalities for all demographic groups and types of road users in Iraq during a period characterized by a resurgence in insurgency activity.
Iraqi Ministry of Health routine prospective injury surveillance collects information on all fatal injuries in eight governorates of Iraq: Baghdad, Al-Anbar, Basrah, Erbil, Kerbala, Maysan, Ninevah, and Al-Sulaimaniya. From all injury fatalities documented at the coroner office, we analyzed only those attributed to road traffic that occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013. Coroners ascertain information from physical examinations, police reports and family members.
Analysis included 7,976 road traffic fatalities. Overall, 6,238 (78.2 %) fatalities were male and 2,272 (28.5 %) were children under 18 years of age. The highest numbers of road traffic fatalities were among males 15 to 34 years of age and children of both sexes under 5 years of age. 49.2 % of fatalities occurred among pedestrians. Among children and females, the majority of road traffic fatalities were pedestrians, 69.0 % and 56.6 %, respectively. Fatalities among motorcyclists (3.7 %) and bicyclists (0.4 %) were least common. Rates of road traffic fatalities ranged from 8.6 to 10.7 per 100,000 population.
The injury surveillance system provides the first data from a conflict-affected country on road traffic fatalities disaggregated by type of road user. The highest numbers of fatalities were among children and young men. Nearly half of fatalities were pedestrians, a proportion nearly double that of any neighboring country. As insurgency activity increased in 2013, the number of road traffic fatalities declined.
现代战争中常见的叛乱战术，如自杀式汽车炸弹和路边炸弹，有可能对受冲突影响国家的道路交通伤害产生重大影响。由于道路交通事故是伊拉克十大死因之一，事故发生率的变化对卫生系统具有重要意义。我们旨在描述在叛乱活动重新抬头期间，伊拉克所有人口群体和各类道路使用者的道路交通死亡模式。
伊拉克卫生部的常规前瞻性伤害监测收集伊拉克八个省份（巴格达、安巴尔、巴士拉、埃尔比勒、卡尔巴拉、迈桑、尼尼微和苏莱曼尼亚）所有致命伤害的信息。从验尸官办公室记录的所有伤害死亡案例中，我们仅分析了2010年1月1日至2013年12月31日期间归因于道路交通的案例。验尸官通过体格检查、警方报告和家庭成员来确定信息。
分析包括7976例道路交通死亡案例。总体而言，6238例（78.2%）死亡案例为男性，2272例（28.5%）为18岁以下儿童。道路交通死亡人数最多发生在年龄在15至34岁的男性以及5岁以下的男女儿童中。49.2%的死亡案例发生在行人中。在儿童和女性中，大多数道路交通死亡案例为行人，分别占69.0%和56.6%。骑摩托车者（3.7%）和骑自行车者（0.4%）的死亡案例最少见。道路交通死亡率在每10万人中为8.6至10.7例。
伤害监测系统提供了来自一个受冲突影响国家按道路使用者类型分类的道路交通死亡的首批数据。死亡人数最多的是儿童和青年男性。近一半的死亡案例是行人，这一比例几乎是任何邻国的两倍。随着2013年叛乱活动增加，道路交通死亡人数下降。
