Behjati-Ardakani Zohreh, Karoubi Mohammad Taghi, Milanifar Alireza, Masrouri Roudabeh, Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi
Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Department of law, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran.
J Reprod Infertil. 2015 Jul-Sep;16(3):130-7.
Recent developments and newly-discovered methods for infertility treatment including in vitro fertilization and third party reproduction raise many questions and challenges with different ethical, legal, sociological and psychological dimensions. In Islamic countries, despite great developments in using this technology, the questions concerned with recognition of IVF methods and third party reproduction and legalization of this method are still the challenging ones. The approach of a few Shiite clerics to this issue has facilitated the legalisation of infertility treatment in Iran. The Iranian Parliament, with reference to Shiite clerics' opinions (Fatwa), enacted the Act concerning Embryo Donation to Infertile Couples and its bylaw which can be considered as a successful example of legalization of third party reproduction in an Islamic country. The aforementioned Act permits embryo donation through artificial insemination from legally married couples to infertile couples. However, many of the legal aspects of this event are not specified in this Act and in many cases it added several uncertainties. This uncertainty, especially regarding the rights and duties of recipients and the child, causes important problems which generate more concerns. This article aimed to review the advantages and flaws of the Act. It is believed that the enactment of the aforementioned Act is an important step but an insufficient measure in this field. Important issues have been left unanswered and unclear in this Act which should be considered by legislators in any future revision of it.
包括体外受精和第三方生殖在内的不孕症治疗的最新进展和新发现的方法引发了许多具有不同伦理、法律、社会学和心理学层面的问题与挑战。在伊斯兰国家，尽管在使用这项技术方面取得了巨大进展，但与体外受精方法和第三方生殖的认可以及该方法的合法化相关的问题仍然具有挑战性。一些什叶派神职人员对这个问题的态度推动了伊朗不孕症治疗的合法化。伊朗议会参考什叶派神职人员的意见（法特瓦），颁布了《关于向不孕夫妇捐赠胚胎的法案》及其附则，这可被视为伊斯兰国家第三方生殖合法化的一个成功范例。上述法案允许通过人工授精从合法夫妻向不孕夫妇捐赠胚胎。然而，该事件的许多法律方面在该法案中并未明确规定，而且在很多情况下还增加了一些不确定性。这种不确定性，尤其是关于受赠者和孩子的权利与义务，引发了重要问题并带来了更多担忧。本文旨在审视该法案的优点和缺陷。人们认为，上述法案的颁布是这一领域的重要一步，但却是一项不充分的举措。该法案中一些重要问题仍未得到解答且不明确，立法者在未来对其进行任何修订时都应予以考虑。
