Behjati Ardakani Zohreh, Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi, Khodaparast Amir Hossein, Ranjbar Fahimeh, Navabakhsh Mehrdad
Department of Sociology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
J Reprod Infertil. 2023 Jan-Mar;24(1):3-10. doi: 10.18502/jri.v24i1.11903.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and third-party reproduction provide the opportunity for infertile couples to have children through different genetic links. This type of treatment has created many challenges for infertile couples. With this treatment, the infertile couple will have a child who is biologically related to the gamete/embryo donor. Accordingly, the transformation that occurs in the structure of traditional families and the concept of parenthood is one of the main consequences and challenges which requires in-depth research. In spite of the successful expansion of infertility treatment and third-party reproduction, there is still no proper social context for implementing third-party infertility treatments in Iran. Therefore, despite the need to use the technology, some couples refuse the treatment unless their confidentiality is preserved. Many couples follow the practice surreptitiously by keeping the donation treatment confidential, to get rid of the existing social stigma and protect their identity, the child and the donor's identity. Commitment theory as a theoretical strategy is proposed to solve the problems of all parties involved in this type of "social and non-biological" parenting. Commitment theory in the context of third-party reproduction expresses the commitment to the contract accepted by the donor and the recipient of the gamete/embryo, based on which, the recipients consider the resulting child as their own, and are committed to all the related paternal-maternal rights and duties such as "alimony" and "inheritance". On the other hand, the donors undertake to waive all their paternal-maternal rights and duties by donating gamete/embryo.
辅助生殖技术（ART）和第三方生殖为不孕夫妇提供了通过不同基因联系生育子女的机会。这类治疗给不孕夫妇带来了诸多挑战。通过这种治疗，不孕夫妇将拥有一个与配子/胚胎捐赠者有生物学关系的孩子。因此，传统家庭结构和父母身份观念发生的转变是主要后果和挑战之一，需要深入研究。尽管不孕治疗和第三方生殖取得了成功发展，但在伊朗，实施第三方不孕治疗仍缺乏适当的社会环境。所以，尽管有使用该技术的需求，但一些夫妇除非其隐私得到保护，否则会拒绝治疗。许多夫妇通过对捐赠治疗保密来秘密进行这种做法，以摆脱现有的社会污名，保护他们自己、孩子以及捐赠者的身份。承诺理论作为一种理论策略被提出来解决这类“社会和非生物学”育儿中各方涉及的问题。在第三方生殖背景下的承诺理论表达了配子/胚胎捐赠者和接受者对所接受合同的承诺，基于此，接受者将所生子女视为自己的，并承诺履行所有相关的父母权利和义务，如“抚养费”和“继承权”。另一方面，捐赠者通过捐赠配子/胚胎承诺放弃所有父母权利和义务。
