Mohseni Elaheh, Abbasi Mahmoud
Department of Law, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Medical Ethics and Law Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
Reprod Biomed Soc Online. 2021 Jan 15;12:79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.12.002. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Posthumous reproduction (PHR) is the process by which assisted reproductive technology is used to establish pregnancy and produce genetic offspring following the death of a parent. There are different ethical and legal approaches towards this method of reproduction around the world. This paper will study the legality of PHR and its legal consequences for the family status of a child born by this technology according to Iranian law. This research uses the descriptive-analytical method to study Iranian legislation, the opinion of jurists and jurisconsults, and case law in the area of PHR. The only statute regarding assisted reproductive technology in Iranian law - the Embryo Donation Act 2003 - and the associated regulation contain no explicit provision on PHR. The subject is therefore very controversial among Iranian jurists and jurisconsults. This issue has also been the subject of divergent court decisions. This study shows that the current legislation is insufficient to address various issues raised by PHR, and there is a need for the legislature to provide legislative clarity. Although advocates of this technique use the approval of some jurisconsults () as justification for the legal recognition of PHR during the period in Iranian law, some concerns regarding the practice, especially the child's best interests, support prohibition or at least restriction to specific, limited cases.
死后生殖（PHR）是指在父母一方去世后，利用辅助生殖技术来实现怀孕并生育有血缘关系后代的过程。世界各地对这种生殖方式有着不同的伦理和法律态度。本文将依据伊朗法律研究死后生殖的合法性及其对通过该技术出生的孩子家庭地位的法律后果。本研究采用描述性分析方法，研究伊朗立法、法学家和法律专家的意见以及死后生殖领域的判例法。伊朗法律中关于辅助生殖技术的唯一法规——2003年《胚胎捐赠法》及相关规定，并未对死后生殖作出明确规定。因此，该问题在伊朗法学家和法律专家中极具争议性。这一问题也是不同法院判决的主题。本研究表明，现行立法不足以解决死后生殖引发的各种问题，立法机构有必要提供明确的立法规定。尽管该技术的支持者将一些法律专家的认可（）作为伊朗法律期间死后生殖获得法律承认的理由，但对这种做法的一些担忧，尤其是对孩子最大利益的担忧，支持禁止或至少限制在特定、有限的案例中使用。
