Hermanek P
Fortschr Med. 1989 Dec 10;107(35):757-9.
Characterization of the individuality of a malignant tumor is needed for planning treatment and evaluating its results. The present classification of tumors is the result of long years of international effort, and is published as the WHO International Histological Classification of Tumors and the UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, 4th edition. For a number of tumor entities TNM classification is not yet available. A classification of liver and lung metastases is the aim of UICC studies, some of which have been initiated. The further development of tumor classification is focused on the identification of independent prognostic factors (prognostic indices and prognostic grouping), which apart from the TNM defined stage, have separate influence on the prognosis.
为了规划治疗方案并评估其效果，需要对恶性肿瘤的个体特征进行描述。目前的肿瘤分类是多年国际努力的成果，以《世界卫生组织国际肿瘤组织学分类》和《国际抗癌联盟（UICC）恶性肿瘤TNM分类》第4版的形式出版。对于一些肿瘤实体，TNM分类尚未出台。对肝转移瘤和肺转移瘤进行分类是国际抗癌联盟研究的目标，其中一些研究已经启动。肿瘤分类的进一步发展集中在识别独立的预后因素（预后指标和预后分组），这些因素除了TNM定义的分期外，对预后有单独的影响。
