Arrowsmith Victoria, Lau-Walker Margaret, Norman Ian, Maben Jill
The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, UK.
J Adv Nurs. 2016 Aug;72(8):1735-50. doi: 10.1111/jan.12912. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
To understand nurses' perceptions and experiences of work role transitions.
Globally an uncertain healthcare landscape exists and when changing work roles nurses experience periods of transition when they may not cope well. A greater understanding of work role transitions may help facilitate workforce retention and successful careers.
Mixed methods systematic review.
Six data bases were searched for peer reviewed primary empirical research, published in English language between January 1990 and December 2014, supplemented by hand and citation searching.
Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre methods for systematic reviews principles were followed. Analysis and synthesis of the qualitative and quantitative papers was conducted separately using thematic analysis. A third synthesis combined the narrative findings and a narrative synthesis of results is presented.
Twenty-six papers were included. Across nurses' work role transitions two pathways were found: Novice and Experienced. 'Novice' comprises pre-registration and newly qualified nurses. 'Experienced' comprises, Enrolled/Licensed Practical Nurse to Registered Nurse, experienced to specialist nurse and clinical role changes. Each pathway results in different emphasizes of two themes; 'Striving for a new professional self' includes emotional upheaval and identity while 'Know how' includes competence and boundaries. Novice nurses are more susceptible to the extremes of emotional upheaval while experienced nurses' competence eases aspects of transitions while boundary issues pervade.
Informed work and educational environments are required for all groups of nurses. Using existing models of transition can facilitate successful individual transitions and develop the workplace.
了解护士对工作角色转变的认知和经历。
全球医疗环境存在不确定性，护士在更换工作角色时会经历一段可能难以应对的过渡时期。更好地理解工作角色转变可能有助于促进劳动力留存和职业生涯的成功。
混合方法系统评价。
检索了六个数据库，以查找1990年1月至2014年12月期间以英文发表的同行评审的原发性实证研究，并辅以手工检索和引文检索。
遵循政策与实践信息及协调中心系统评价原则的证据。使用主题分析分别对定性和定量论文进行分析和综合。进行了第三次综合，将叙述性研究结果和结果的叙述性综合呈现出来。
纳入了26篇论文。在护士的工作角色转变中发现了两条途径：新手和有经验者。“新手”包括注册前护士和新获得资格的护士。“有经验者”包括注册护士/执业护士到注册护士、有经验的护士到专科护士以及临床角色的转变。每条途径在两个主题上有不同的侧重点；“努力塑造新的职业自我”包括情绪动荡和身份认同，而“知道如何做”包括能力和界限。新手护士更容易受到情绪动荡极端情况的影响，而有经验的护士的能力缓解了转变的某些方面，同时界限问题普遍存在。
所有护士群体都需要有信息支持的工作和教育环境。使用现有的转变模式可以促进个人的成功转变并发展工作场所。
