Jowett Hirst Erica S, Dozier Claudia L, Payne Steven W
Southern Illinois University.
University of Kansas.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2016 Jun;49(2):329-45. doi: 10.1002/jaba.294. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
Researchers have shown that both differential reinforcement and response cost within token economies are similarly effective for changing the behavior of individuals in a group context (e.g., Donaldson, DeLeon, Fisher, & Kahng, 2014; Iwata & Bailey, 1974). In addition, these researchers have empirically evaluated preference for these procedures. However, few previous studies have evaluated the individual effects of these procedures both in group contexts and in the absence of peers. Therefore, we replicated and extended previous research by determining the individual effects and preferences of differential reinforcement and response cost under both group and individualized conditions. Results demonstrated that the procedures were equally effective for increasing on-task behavior during group and individual instruction for most children, and preference varied across participants. In addition, results were consistent across participants who experienced the procedures in group and individualized settings.
研究人员表明，代币制经济中的差别强化和反应代价在群体环境中改变个体行为方面同样有效（例如，唐纳森、德莱昂、费舍尔和康，2014年；伊瓦塔和贝利，1974年）。此外，这些研究人员还对这些程序的偏好进行了实证评估。然而，以前很少有研究评估这些程序在群体环境中和没有同伴在场时的个体效果。因此，我们通过确定差别强化和反应代价在群体和个体化条件下的个体效果和偏好，重复并扩展了以前的研究。结果表明，对于大多数儿童来说，这些程序在群体和个体指导期间增加任务行为方面同样有效，而且不同参与者的偏好各不相同。此外，在群体和个体化环境中体验这些程序的参与者的结果是一致的。
