Lei Lei, Spradling Allan C
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):95-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2156. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
Oocytes differentiate in diverse species by receiving organelles and cytoplasm from sister germ cells while joined in germline cysts or syncytia. Mouse primordial germ cells form germline cysts, but the role of cysts in oogenesis is unknown. We find that mouse germ cells receive organelles from neighboring cyst cells and build a Balbiani body to become oocytes, whereas nurselike germ cells die. Organelle movement, Balbiani body formation, and oocyte fate determination are selectively blocked by low levels of microtubule-dependent transport inhibitors. Membrane breakdown within the cyst and an apoptosis-like process are associated with organelle transfer into the oocyte, events reminiscent of nurse cell dumping in Drosophila We propose that cytoplasmic and organelle transport plays an evolutionarily conserved and functionally important role in mammalian oocyte differentiation.
在不同物种中，卵母细胞在与生殖系囊肿或合胞体相连时，通过从姐妹生殖细胞接收细胞器和细胞质来实现分化。小鼠原始生殖细胞形成生殖系囊肿，但囊肿在卵子发生中的作用尚不清楚。我们发现，小鼠生殖细胞从相邻的囊肿细胞接收细胞器，并构建一个巴尔比亚尼体以成为卵母细胞，而类似哺育细胞的生殖细胞则死亡。低水平的微管依赖性运输抑制剂可选择性地阻断细胞器的移动、巴尔比亚尼体的形成以及卵母细胞命运的决定。囊肿内的膜破裂和类似凋亡的过程与细胞器向卵母细胞的转移有关，这些事件让人联想到果蝇中的哺育细胞倾卸现象。我们提出，细胞质和细胞器运输在哺乳动物卵母细胞分化中发挥着进化上保守且功能重要的作用。
