Macpherson C N, Spoerry A, Zeyhle E, Romig T, Gorfe M
Swiss Tropical Institute Field Laboratory.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Mar-Apr;83(2):243-7. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90664-0.
An attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of hydatid disease in nomadic pastoralists living in eastern Africa and to identify environmental, cultural and behavioural factors which may influence Echinococcus transmission. 18,565 nomadic pastoralists, from 12 different groups living in the vast, semi-desert regions of Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and Tanzania, were screened for hydatid cysts using a portable ultrasound scanner. High prevalences of hydatidosis were recorded among the north-western (5.6%) and north-eastern (2.1%) Turkana of north-west Kenya, the Toposa (3.2%) of southern Sudan, the Nyangatom (2.2%), Hamar (0.5%) and Boran (1.8%) of south-west Ethiopia and northern Kenya and the Maasai (1.0%) of Tanzania. Lower prevalences were recorded amongst the southern (0.3%) and lake dwelling (0.3%) Turkana and the Pokot (0.1%) of Kenya. The disease was not found amongst the Turkana, Samburu, Dassanetch, Gabbra, Somali or Rendille screened on the east side of Lake Turkana. The scanning surveys were well accepted by the people and provided evidence for the need to expand the present hydatid control programme in Turkana to cover the whole hyperendemic focus. Such a programme must contain an educational component for, although most groups recognized hydatid cysts, there was complete lack of knowledge concerning the parasite and its mode of transmission.
研究旨在估算生活在东非的游牧牧民中包虫病的患病率，并确定可能影响棘球绦虫传播的环境、文化和行为因素。使用便携式超声扫描仪，对来自肯尼亚、苏丹、埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚广大半沙漠地区12个不同群体的18,565名游牧牧民进行了包虫囊肿筛查。在肯尼亚西北部的西北图尔卡纳人（5.6%）和东北图尔卡纳人（2.1%）、苏丹南部的托波萨人（3.2%）、埃塞俄比亚西南部和肯尼亚北部的尼扬加托人（2.2%）、哈马尔人（0.5%）和博拉纳人（1.8%）以及坦桑尼亚的马赛人（1.0%）中，记录到了较高的包虫病患病率。在肯尼亚南部的图尔卡纳人（0.3%）、湖边居住的图尔卡纳人（0.3%）以及肯尼亚的波科特人（0.1%）中，患病率较低。在图尔卡纳湖东侧接受筛查的图尔卡纳人、桑布鲁人、达萨内奇人、加布拉人、索马里人或伦迪勒人中未发现该病。扫描调查受到了人们的广泛接受，并为扩大目前在图尔卡纳的包虫病控制项目以覆盖整个高度流行区提供了证据。这样一个项目必须包含教育内容，因为尽管大多数群体认识到包虫囊肿，但对这种寄生虫及其传播方式完全缺乏了解。
