Develoux M
Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.
Med Trop (Mars). 1996;56(2):177-83.
Hydatidosis is hyperendemic in most north African countries and in several areas of East Africa. The cycle of infestation involves dogs, ruminants and man. While sheep and goats appear to be the most common domestic intermediate, camels appear to act as the intermediate in some parts of North and East Africa. Hydatidosis is considered to be essentially rural but urban cycles have been reported in North Africa. During the last decade, echotomographic, and serologic screening for human hydatidosis were carried out in Tunisia and in nomadic populations from East Africa. These surveys have provided reliable accurate prevalence data showing that hydatidosis is a major public health problem in these areas. The highest worldwide incidence in man is in the Turkana district of Kenya. This high incidence is related to promiscuity between humans and dogs in Turkana. A pilot program to control hydatid disease was started in Turkana over 10 years ago. For unknown reasons human infestation is rare in West and Southern Africa despite the presence of hydatidosis in cattle.
包虫病在大多数北非国家和东非的一些地区呈高度地方性流行。感染周期涉及狗、反刍动物和人类。虽然绵羊和山羊似乎是最常见的家养中间宿主，但骆驼在北非和东非的一些地区似乎充当中间宿主。包虫病主要被认为是农村地区的疾病，但北非也报告了城市感染周期。在过去十年中，突尼斯和东非游牧人口中对人类包虫病进行了超声断层扫描和血清学筛查。这些调查提供了可靠准确的患病率数据，表明包虫病在这些地区是一个主要的公共卫生问题。全球人类发病率最高的地区是肯尼亚的图尔卡纳区。这种高发病率与图尔卡纳地区人与狗之间的滥交有关。10多年前在图尔卡纳启动了一项控制包虫病的试点项目。尽管牛群中存在包虫病，但由于不明原因，西非和南非的人类感染很少见。
