Forsatkar Mohammad Navid, Nematollahi Mohammad Ali, Brown Culum
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Chamran St., PO Box: 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Eastern Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Ecotoxicology. 2016 May;25(4):824-34. doi: 10.1007/s10646-016-1639-5. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
The effects of pharmacological waste on aquatic ecosystems are increasingly highlighted in ecotoxicology research. Many of these products are designed for human physiology but owing to the conservative nature of vertebrate evolution they also tend to have effects on aquatic organisms and fishes in particular when they find their way into aquatic systems via wastewater effluent. One area of research has focused on reproductive control and the associated hormone treatments. Many of these hormones affect the reproductive physiology of fishes and may cause feminization of male reproductive traits. Alternative medicines have also been widely used particularly in traditional cultures but few of these alternative treatments have been assessed with respect to their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. Rue (Ruta graveolens) has been used as a male contraceptive in traditional medicines but its effects on fish behavior and reproductive anatomy have yet to be established. Here we show that treating Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, with extract of rue has a significant effect on key aggressive/reproductive behaviors and the propensity to explore novel objects (boldness). In all cases the respective behaviors were reduced relative to controls and sham injected fish. Histological analysis of the testes revealed that rue exposure reduced the number of spermatozoa but increased the number of spermatocytes relative to controls.
药理学废弃物对水生生态系统的影响在生态毒理学研究中日益受到关注。这些产品很多是针对人体生理设计的，但由于脊椎动物进化的保守性，当它们通过废水排放进入水生系统时，往往也会对水生生物产生影响，尤其是鱼类。研究的一个领域集中在生殖控制及相关的激素治疗。许多这类激素会影响鱼类的生殖生理，可能导致雄性生殖特征出现雌性化。替代药物也被广泛使用，特别是在传统文化中，但很少有这些替代疗法针对其对水生生态系统的潜在影响进行评估。芸香（Ruta graveolens）在传统药物中被用作男性避孕药，但它对鱼类行为和生殖解剖结构的影响尚未明确。在此我们表明，用芸香叶提取物处理暹罗斗鱼（Betta splendens）会对关键的攻击/生殖行为以及探索新物体的倾向（大胆程度）产生显著影响。在所有情况下，与对照组和假注射鱼相比，相应行为均有所减少。睾丸的组织学分析显示，与对照组相比，接触芸香会减少精子数量，但增加精母细胞数量。
