Traspov Aleksei, Deng Wenjiang, Kostyunina Olga, Ji Jiuxiu, Shatokhin Kirill, Lugovoy Sergey, Zinovieva Natalia, Yang Bin, Huang Lusheng
L.K. Ernst Institute for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitzy 60, Podolsk district, Moscow region, Russia, 142132.
National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
Genet Sel Evol. 2016 Mar 1;48:16. doi: 10.1186/s12711-016-0196-y.
It is generally accepted that domestication of pigs took place in multiple locations across Eurasia; the breeds that originated in Europe and Asia have been well studied. However, the genetic structure of pig breeds from Russia, Belorussia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, which represent large geographical areas and diverse climatic zones in Eurasia, remains largely unknown.
This study provides the first genomic survey of 170 pigs representing 13 breeds from Russia, Belorussia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine; 288 pigs from six Chinese and seven European breeds were also included for comparison. Our findings show that the 13 novel breeds tested derived mainly from European pigs through the complex admixture of Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Hampshire and other breeds, and that they display no geographic structure based on genetic distance. We also found a considerable Asian contribution to the miniature Siberian pigs (Minisib breed) from Russia. Apart from the Minisib, Urzhum, Ukrainian Spotted Steppe and Ukrainian White Steppe breeds, which may have undergone intensive inbreeding, the breeds included in this study showed relatively high genetic diversity and low levels of homozygosity compared to the Chinese indigenous pig breeds.
This study provides the first genomic overview of the population structure and genetic diversity of 13 representative pig breeds from Russia, Belorussia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine; this information will be useful for the preservation and management of these breeds.
人们普遍认为猪的驯化在欧亚大陆的多个地点发生；起源于欧洲和亚洲的品种已得到充分研究。然而，来自俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰的猪品种的遗传结构在很大程度上仍然未知，这些地区代表了欧亚大陆广阔的地理区域和多样的气候带。
本研究对代表来自俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰的13个品种的170头猪进行了首次基因组调查；还纳入了来自6个中国品种和7个欧洲品种的288头猪用于比较。我们的研究结果表明，所测试的13个新品种主要通过大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、汉普夏猪和其他品种的复杂混合源自欧洲猪，并且它们基于遗传距离没有显示出地理结构。我们还发现亚洲对俄罗斯的小型西伯利亚猪（迷你西伯利亚品种）有相当大的贡献。除了迷你西伯利亚猪、乌尔茹姆猪、乌克兰斑点草原猪和乌克兰白色草原猪可能经历了高强度近亲繁殖外，与中国本土猪品种相比，本研究中纳入的品种显示出相对较高的遗传多样性和较低的纯合度水平。
本研究首次提供了来自俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰的13个代表性猪品种的群体结构和遗传多样性的基因组概述；这些信息将有助于这些品种的保护和管理。
